英國大師油畫風景（一幅由歌劇改編來的油畫）

2023-06-05 15:55:40

本期解讀伯恩·瓊斯爵士（1833-1898）作品《尼克勞斯·韋內裡斯》

關於作品

尼克勞斯·韋內裡斯Nicklaus Veneris

油畫 | 122×183cm | 前拉斐爾派 | 收藏於Laing Art Gallery

《尼克勞斯·韋內裡斯》在拉丁語中是「讚美維納斯」的意思，該畫是根據華格納歌劇《Tanhauser》中的傳奇故事繪製而成。The name "Nicklaus Veneris" means "praise Venus or love" in Latin, and it is adapted from the legend in Wagner's opera "Tanhauser".

在這個傳奇故事中，年輕的騎士愛上了維納斯，並和她一起生活在維納斯的城堡中，可是好景不長，激情過後，騎士的內心充滿了悔恨。於是騎士逃離維納斯，來到羅馬，問教皇厄本是否可以赦免他的罪。而教皇卻說這是不可能的，除非他的權杖可以開花！於是，絕望的騎士Tanhauser回到維也納。但是三天後，教皇的權杖上奇蹟般地開滿了鮮花，但騎士Tanhauser卻永遠未能得知這個奇蹟，於是他的餘生都在教皇厄本的詛咒中度過。In this legend, the young knight fell in love with Venus and lived with her in her underground home until he became full of regrets. He escaped from her trap and came to Rome and asked Pope Urban if he could be pardoned of his sins. The pope declared that this was impossible—just as impossible that his pope's staff might bloom. Three days after Tanhauser returned to Vienna, the Pope’s staff were full of flowers, but the knight had not heard of this sacred miracle, so his life was spent in curses.

這幅畫中，騎士對維納斯的肉體之愛和對肉慾的沉迷也反映了維納斯之美的危險。因為，根據傳說，維納斯是通過在城堡外的森林中沐浴才得以引誘來騎士Tanhauser。畫作的背景中展示了傳說中的維納斯城堡(愛之城)。在畫作左上區域，窗戶中央可以看到騎士Tanhauser正騎著馬準備向教皇尋求寬恕，因為快樂的情愛使他忘記了自己的使命。維納斯的侍從們正在演奏音樂，她身旁放著一朵象徵著愛情的玫瑰，掛毯的背景是愛神丘比特坐在愛神維納斯的戰車上。 The love and sensual indulgence also reflect the dangerous beauty of Venus, because according to legend, Venus bathed in the woods to seduce Tanhauser. This outstanding painting shows the legendary Venusberg court ("Love City」). The knight seen in the middle of the window is riding a horse to seek forgiveness because he dedicated himself to a happy life. The queen’s attendants are playing music (also known as the food of love). Beside the queen There is a rose symbolizing love. The background of the tapestry is Cupid, the god of love, sitting on the chariot of the god of love, Venus.

坦佩蘭提亞Temperantia, 1872

《通告》，1879,The Annunciation

關於畫家

伯恩·瓊斯與威廉·莫裡斯Burne-Jones with William Morris, 1874

愛德華·科利·伯恩·瓊斯爵士（1833-1898），是英國藝術家和設計師。他與英國彩繪玻璃藝術傳統的復興密切相關。Sir Edward Coley Burne-Jones was a British artist and designer. He was closely involved in the rejuvenation of the tradition of stained glass art in Britain.

黃金樓梯 The Golden Stairs, 1880

《科菲圖亞國王與乞丐女傭》King Cophetua and the Beggar Maid, 1884

伯恩·瓊斯的彩色玻璃作品包括聖菲利普大教堂、伯明罕、鬥牛場聖馬丁、伯明罕、聖三一教堂、斯隆廣場、切爾西、布蘭頓聖馬丁教堂、坎布裡亞（菲利普·韋伯設計的教堂）、聖麥可教堂、布萊頓、萬聖教堂、耶穌巷、劍橋、基督教堂、牛津和聖安教堂。Burne-Jones's stained glass works include the windows of St. Philip's Cathedral, Birmingham, St Martin in the Bull Ring, Birmingham, Holy Trinity church, Sloane Square, Chelsea, St Martin's Church in Brampton, Cumbria (the church designed by Philip Webb), St Michael's Church, Brighton, All Saints, Jesus Lane, Cambridge, Christ Church, Oxford and in St. Anne's Church.

伯恩·瓊斯和威廉·莫裡斯的誕生之窗Edward Burne-Jones and William Morris' Nativity windows1882波士頓三一教堂

聖瑪麗教堂的耶穌誕生場景Nativity scene in St Mary's Church

米裡亞姆Miriam, 1872 in St Michael and All Angels, Waterford, Hertfordshire

除了繪畫和彩色玻璃，伯恩·瓊斯還從事各種手工藝；包括設計瓷磚、珠寶、掛毯、馬賽克和書籍插圖。In addition to painting and stained glass, Burne-Jones worked in a variety of crafts; including designing ceramic tiles, jewellery, tapestries, mosaics and book illustration.