英語中定語從句的關係詞有哪些（英語語法）

2023-05-05 04:15:55

[語法點津]

一、基本用法

當關係代詞在定語從句中充當介詞的賓語時，我們用介詞＋關係代詞(whom或which)引導定語從句。如果指人，用介詞＋whom；如果指物，用介詞＋which。介詞前置時，關係代詞不能用that或who，即介詞不與that或who連用。若介詞後置則可以用that/who，還可省略。

Do you know the boy to whom she was talking?

你知道與她交談的那個男孩是誰嗎？

The little girl is reading a book in which there are many pictures.

那個小女孩正在讀一本書，書中有很多圖畫。

Have you found the book from which we learnt a lot?

你找到那本我們從中學了很多的書了嗎？

二、介詞的選擇

1．根據定語從句中的謂語動詞或形容詞確定介詞。該動詞或形容詞與介詞搭配，構成動詞短語或形容詞短語。

①Is this the car for which you paid a high price?

這是你花大價錢買的車嗎？(for和pay搭配)

②This is the house in which I lived two years ago.

這是我兩年前住過的房子。(in和live搭配)

2．根據先行詞與介詞的搭配習慣來確定。

I'll never forget the day on which I joined the army.

我永遠也忘不了我參軍的那一天。(具體到某一天，用介詞on)

She never explained the reason for which she was late for the class again.

她沒有解釋她再一次上課遲到的原因。(the reason for為固定搭配，意為「……的原因」)

3．根據句子的意思確定介詞。有些句子，先行詞完全一樣，定語從句中謂語動詞也不是固定的動詞短語。這時，需要根據句子所要表達的意思選用不同的介詞。

He broke his glasses，without which he can't see anything.他打破了眼鏡，沒有眼鏡他什麼也看不見。

This is the pilot by whom my son was saved.(My son was saved by the pilot.)

這就是救了我兒子的那位飛行員。

三、介詞＋關係代詞需注意的問題

1．關係副詞(when，where，why)常可轉換為「介詞＋which」的形式

關係副詞why，when，where在句中作狀語時，可用「介詞＋which」替換：why＝for＋which，when＝at/on/in/...＋which，where＝at/on/in...＋which。

I'll never forget the days when(in which/during which) I worked with you.

我將永遠不會忘記和你一起工作的那些日子。

This is the office where (in which)I used to work.

這就是我過去工作過的辦公室。

I'd like you to explain the reason why (for which) you were absent.

我想讓你解釋一下你缺席的原因。

2．關係代詞whose可轉換為「介詞＋which/whom」，「whose＋名詞」可與「the＋名詞＋of which/whom」或「of which/whom＋the＋名詞」互換

The book，the cover of which/whose cover is red，is written by Mr.Jones.

這本書是瓊斯先生寫的，它的封面是紅色的。

He lives in the room，the window of which/whose window faces south.

他住在那屋子裡，它的窗子朝南。

3．在表示部分與整體的關係時，常在of which/whom 前加一些表示部分或整體的詞語

some of which/whom，one of which/whom，數字＋of which/whom等。

He has two sons，both of whom work as actors.

他有兩個兒子，都是演員。

He kept ten dogs，eight of which were over five years old.

他養了十條狗，其中八條五歲以上了。

4．含有介詞的短語動詞一般不能拆開，如look after，be made of，take part in，look forward to等。

Is this the book (which/that) you are looking for?

這是你在找的書嗎？

The babies(who/whom)the nurses look after look strong and happy.

護士們照看的孩子們看起來很壯，很幸福。