颱風威馬遜有多強（颱風威馬遜）

2023-07-26 16:45:09 3

颱風「威馬遜」（1409）在南海北部急劇增強的環境因子分析

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讀書小筆記

作者：呂心豔1許映龍1黃煥卿2

單位：1. 國家氣象中心, 北京 100081;

2. 國家海洋環境預報中心, 北京 100081

分類號：P444

出版年·卷·期（頁碼）：2021·38·第三期（1-10）

摘要：利用ECMWF-interim逐6 h再分析資料、中國氣象局颱風最佳路徑資料和NOAA逐日OISST海表溫度等資料，並採用ARW-WRF中尺度數值模式，對1409號颱風「威馬遜」在南海北部海域急劇增強的原因進行分析和數值敏感性試驗。結果表明：低層西南季風氣流突然增強和高空東風急流異常偏強的高低空環流的最佳配置，是此次颱風在南海北部海域急劇增強的主要動力機制；整層環境風垂直切變較大，而低層環境風垂直切變小，高層出流強、低層水汽充沛，是颱風在南海北部海域快速增強過程中所獨具的環境特徵；南海北部海溫異常偏高是造成此次颱風猛烈發展並出現登陸極端強度的決定性因子。

關鍵詞：颱風；急劇增強；環境風垂直切變；東風急流；海溫；數值敏感性試驗

Abstract：Based on the ERA-Interim reanalysis data, CMA typhoon best track data, and the NOAA 1/4° daily OISST data, the reasons of the rapid intensification of the typhoon "Rammasun"(1409) in the northern South China Sea is analyzed and numerical sensitive experiments are conducted by using WRF. The results show that the sudden enhancement of the low-level monsoon flow and the abnormally strong upper easterly jet is the main dynamic mechanism of the rapid intensification of typhoon "Rammasun" in the northern South China Sea. The typhoon rapid intensification in the northern South China Sea is featured by large vertical shear of the environmental wind from the top to the bottom, small vertical shear in the low-level wind, strong high-level outflow and abundant low-level water vapor. Moreover, the abnormally high SST in the northern South China Sea is a crucial factor for the rapid intensification and extreme landing intensity of typhoon "Rammasun".

Key words：typhoon; rapid intensification; vertical shear; easterly jet; sea surface temperature; numerical sensitive experiments

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