金庸小說翻譯成英文（金庸小說中的各種）
2023-06-05 09:47:35 3
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金庸小說中的各種「打」如何翻譯
這學期的文學翻譯課很有趣，我原來選課時是抱著一種我的確喜歡文學翻譯所以哪怕這門課沒那麼實用我也一定要選的心態。沒想到，老師講得很好，很年輕的一個女老師，課程內容充實有趣而實用。其實文學翻譯是最能鍛鍊基本功的，做任何種類的翻譯都能用得上。今天我來分享一下其中一小節，金庸小說中各種「打」該如何翻譯。
（本文相關素材均來自於廈門大學洪捷《以文類為導向的金庸武俠小說翻譯研究》）
「打」 在武俠小說（martial arts fiction）中可以翻譯成哪些英文詞呢？
hit, blow, strike, punch, knock, thump, attack, drub, beat...
(1) 打 拳
周綺一聽是徐天宏，刀不砍了，左手一拳打出，結結實實，正中他右胸。（《書劍恩仇錄》）
Zhou Qi no longer tried to make use of the sword, but she thumped him really hard on the chestwith her fist.
這裡，「左手一拳打出」用的是thump with her fist，「結結實實」是really hard. thump是指to hit sb/sth hard, especially with your closed hands. 用拳頭打，而不是手掌，而且打得比較重。但有時打得重也不都是惡意地打，如：He thumped my shoulder affectionately. 他親熱地捶了一下我的肩膀。thump也可以指重重撞擊的聲音，a muffled sound. 作動詞名詞都可以，比如thumped the book on the table.
這時正好錢老本縱身雙掌擊落，那病漢左手一拳打出，和他雙掌相碰……（《鹿鼎記》）
Butcher Qian launched into the attack, aiming at him with both palms. Invalid punched out with his left fist at the edges of both of Qian’s palms.
punch意為to hit sb/sth hard with your fist，與thump意思基本一樣。he was kicked and punched. 他被拳打腳踢。
廳上那鹽梟聽他罵得惡毒陰損，心下大怒，想衝進房去抓來幾拳打死，卻又不敢進房。（《鹿鼎記》）
This, needless to say, put the salt-smugglers in an even greater fury, and they would have rushed in and given the boy a good drubbing, had they not been too frightened to enter the darkened room.
「幾拳打死」怎麼翻譯呢？老師問我們。beat to death? 不是不可以，但這裡譯者用的是一個更生動的詞drub，它的本義是hit or beat (someone) repeatedly. to beat soundly or thoroughly. 中文叫做「痛打」。
這裡值得注意的是，「幾拳打死」是個動詞詞組，但英文翻譯成a good drubbing，名詞形式。「心下大怒」，也是動詞，但英文put...in an even greater fury，也是轉化成名詞形式。第一個例子中的no longer tried to make use of the sword 也是同樣。
中文喜用動詞，英文喜用名詞，在翻譯中這樣類似的例子比比皆是。
（2）打 （武器）
趙半山等他踏上船頭，左手一揚，右手一揮，打出三隻金錢鏢、三枝袖箭……
Zhao sent off a flurry of darts and sleeve arrows after him…
send off，寄出，發出。如send off a letter, send off a package.我這學期E-C workshop的英文原文中有一句說父親為了結盟讓女兒跟一個陌生人走，和他結婚，就說的是sent her off with a stranger，這裡肯定不能說把她寄走，我翻譯成「把她許給陌生人」，老師建議是「差一個陌生人帶她走」，有同學建議是「把她賣給了一個陌生人」。我個人採納了最後一種譯法。
而這裡，send off又成了「打出」的意思。所以說，中文比英文更愛用動詞，動詞也更多，更細膩，很多時候，中文裡不同的動作在英文中都是同一個詞就可以表達了。
flurry，一陣風/雪，或一陣忙亂/活動等。如flurries of snow, a flurry of shots, a flurry of interest in the new product.
周仲英雙臂一振，竄起數尺，斜身落地。章進一棒打在檀木桌邊……
Zhou jumped into the air, landing on the ground just as the club slammed into the sandalwood table.
這裡是棍棒和木桌相撞，所以用了一個物與物猛烈撞擊的固定短語slam into. 如The plane slammed into the building after losing an engine. 飛機失去一個引擎後猛地撞到那棟建築物上。
那人空手鬥我們兩個，後來我拾了地下石子，不住擲他，他躲避石子，一不留神，腿上被十爺打了一棒……
He fought the two of us bare-handed until finally I picked up some stones and started throwing them at him, and Hunchback Zhang clubbed him on the thigh.
club這裡是棍棒名詞做動詞用，意為用棍棒猛打。to hit hard/beat with a club.
少婦此時又被懷杖打中一下……
The woman was struck on her thigh by the man wielding the staff…
strike，和hit意思基本一樣，to hit sb/sth with your hand or a weapon. 如struck him in the face. 摑了他一個耳光。Who struck the first blow? 誰先動手的？
……右臉上熱辣辣的一痛，已給打了一鞭
…he felt a sudden sting on his cheek. It was Liu’s whip.
這裡同樣，中文裡的動詞短語「打了一鞭」變成英文中的名詞片語「Liu’s whip」。
那根黃金杵打人可厲害得很，須當小心。
Just watch out for that golden cudgel of his!
這裡同上。
又打了二三十鞭
twenty or thirty strokes later
stroke指打了一下，a single movement of the arm hitting sb/sth. 如He received three strokes of the cane. 他挨了三記藤鞭。
（3）打得……
再胡言亂語，我打得你皮開肉綻，死去活來。
Any more of that wicked nonsense and I』ll beat you till you’re all blood and cruises!
beat是用力打，to hit sb/sth many times, usually very hard. 如They beat him unconscious. 他們把他打得不省人事。
在下其時酒醉，失手將他打得重傷。
…being drunk at the time, I hit him too hard and hurt him badly.
hit應該是「打」最基本的一個詞彙，hit him on the head.打他的頭。hit the nail with a hammer. 用錘頭敲釘子。
右掌隨出，砰的一聲，將韋小寶打得飛身而起，撞破窗格，直摔入窗外的花園
While his right hand followed with a blow of such giant force that it knocked Trinket flyingthrough the papered lattice of the bedside window and into the garden outside.
knock是強調把人或物打成一個什麼狀態。如The blow knocked me flat. 那一拳把我打倒在地。The two rooms had been knocked into one. 那兩間屋子打通了，成為一間。knock over a glass of water. 打翻一杯水。所以在這裡，把韋小寶打得飛起來了，就是用knocked him flying是最恰當的。
以上沒有出現，但也有「打」的意思的詞，比如blow，它只在做名詞時才有「打」的意思，比如The two men were exchanging blows. 互毆。receive a severe blow on the head.頭上挨了重重一擊。landed a blow on his nose. 對著他的鼻子來了一拳。
attack是指一種抽象意義上的襲擊，to use violence to try to hurt or kill sb. 如The man attacked him with a knife. 那個男人持刀向他行兇。A woman was attacked and robbed by a gang of youths. 一位婦女遭到一夥年輕人的襲擊和搶劫。
