英語作文欣賞：自信
2024-09-01 08:30:10
Somepeoplearebornwiththebeliefthattheyaremastersoftheirownlives.Othersfeeltheyareatthemercyoffate.Newresearchshowsthatpartofthosefeelingsareinthegenes.
Psychologistshavelongknownthatpeopleconfidentintheirabilitytocontroltheirdestiniesaremorelikelytoadjustwelltogrowingoldthanthosewhofeelthattheydriftonthecurrentsoffate.
TworesearcherswhoquestionedhundredsofSwedishtwinsreportthatsuchconfidence,orlarkofit,ispartlygeneticandpartlydrawnfromexperience.
Theyalsofoundthatthebeliefinblindluck-aconvictionthatcoincidenceplaysabigroleinlifeissomethinglearnedinlifeandhasnothingtodowithheredity.
TheresearchwasconductedattheKarolinskaInstitute-betterknownasthebodythatannuallyawardstheNobelPrizeformedicinebyNancyPedersenoftheInstituteandMargaretGatz,aprofessorofpsychologyattheUniversityofSouthernCaliforniainLosAngeles.TheirresultswererecentlypublishedintheUnitedStatesintheJournalofGerontology.
Peoplewhoareconfidentoftheirabilitytocontroltheirliveshavean"internallocusofcontrol,"andhaveabetterchanceofbeingwelladjustedintheiroldage,saidPedersen.
An"externallocusofcontrol,"believingthatoutsideforcesdeterminethecourseoflife,hasbeenlinkedtodepressioninlatteryears,shesaid.
"Wearetryingtounderstandwhatmakespeopledifferent.Whatmakessomepeopleagegracefullyandothershaveamoredifficulttime?"shesaid.
Thestudyshowedthatwhilepeoplehaveaninbornpredilectiontowardindependenceandself-confidence,about70percentofthispersonalitytraitisaffectedbyaperson'senvironmentandlifetimeexperiences.
Pedersen'sstudies,withvariouscollaborators,probetheagingprocessbycomparingsetsoftwins,bothidenticalandfraternal,manyofwhomwereseparatedatanearlyage.
Thesubjectsweredrawnfromarosterfirstcompiledabout30yearsagoregisteringalltwinsborninSwedensince1886.Thecompletelist,whichwasextendedin1971,has95,000setsoftwins.
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