by的被動用法(by的用法)
2023-05-25 18:04:18
by 是一個用法非常廣泛的單詞,可以作介詞,也可以作副詞。
一、by 作介詞
1、用來暗示某事靠近某物或在某物的旁邊,意為「靠近,在…旁邊」,例如:
Our grand parents』 house is situated by a beautiful river.
我們祖父母的房子坐落在一條美麗的河邊。
By the cottage, there is a nice little fountain.
小屋旁邊有一個漂亮的小噴泉。
2、用來提及運輸方式,意為「開…,坐…,乘…」等,例如:
We travelled by car.
我們開車旅行。
She has already made plans to travel by train.
她已經制定了乘火車旅行的計劃。
3、用來指示一個時間段,意為「不遲於…,在…之前」,例如:
I will hand over the report by next Friday.
我將在下星期五前交報告。
I will be finishing off by 6 o』 clock today.
我今天六點前就要下班了。
4、用來表明某人必須經過某人或某物,意為「經過」,例如:
He walked by me without speaking.
他一言不發地從我身邊走過。
You have to come by the lake, to get to her place.
你必須經過湖邊,才能到她家。
5、用來提及誰負責創作,寫作或製作,意為「由…創作,由…寫作,由…製作」等,例如:
Pride and Prejudice is one of the finest novels written by Jane Austen.
《傲慢與偏見》是簡·奧斯汀創作的最優秀的小說之一。
This is one of the greatest plays composed by Ibsen.
這是易卜生創作的最偉大的戲劇之一。
6、用來指示某物的增長或減少,意為「(增長或下降了)…數量」等,例如:
Since the election is next month, no wonder that the prices have dropped by 20%.
因為下個月選舉,難怪物價下降了20%。
House prices went up by 10%.
房價上漲了10%。
7、用來指示做某事的方式,意為「靠…,通過…,採取…」等,例如:
For the transaction I wish to pay by cash.
我想用現金支付這筆交易。
I will contact you by letter.
我會給你寫信聯繫的。
8、用於乘除運算,例如:
6 multiplied by 2 equals 12.
6乘以2等於12。
What is ten divided by five?
十除以五是多少?
9、用來補充有關出生地、職業等的信息,例如:
He's German by birth.
他是德國血統的。
My father is an engineer by profession.
我父親是個工程師。
10、用來置於不帶 the 的名詞前,表示原因,例如:
It happened by accident.
這是偶然發生的。
I did it by mistake.
我誤做了這事。
11、用來指示一個動作發生的特殊時間段,意為「在…」,例如:
Since there are wild animals roaming around, it’s best if we travel by day.
既然有野生動物到處遊蕩,我們最好白天去旅行。
We travel by night as well as by day.
我們不但白天旅行而且晚上也旅行。
12、用來說明某物符合某一特定標準或某人,意為「從…看;依,按照」,例如:
It is prohibited by law.
這是法律禁止的。
By my watch it is two o'clock.
我的表是兩點鐘。
13、用來表示觸及或抓住的人或物的部分,例如:
I pulled her by the hand to avoid the accident.
我拉著她的手以免發生事故。
She seized her by the hair.
她揪住她的頭髮。
14、用來與 the 連用,表示時間或量度單位,例如:
I think you have to pay by the hour for the services.
我認為你必須按小時付費。
We only sell it by the metre.
我們只按米出售。
15、用來表示尺寸,意為「乘」,例如:
The room measures fifteen feet by twenty feet.
房間15英尺寬乘20英尺長。
We need a ten inch by twenty inch board.
我們需要一塊十英寸乘二十英寸的木板。
二、by 作副詞
1、意為「經過」,例如:
Just drive by. Don't stop.
直接開過去。別停車。
He hurried by without speaking to me.
他沒和我說話就匆匆過去了。
2、用來表示保留或保存時用,例如:
I've put some money by for college fees.
我已經存了些錢作大學學費。
3、短暫拜訪,例如:
I'll come by this evening and pick up the books.
我今晚過來取書。
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