賓語從句經典難點(賓語從句小結)
2023-07-28 07:39:21 2
一由引導詞引導[心]。
引導詞分that,特殊疑問句( Wh~), if/whether.
1 [微風]that引導陳述意義的賓語從句。(that只是引導詞,沒詞義,不充當任何句法成分)。
如 He told me that he was coming by train.他告訴我,他坐火車來了。
2[微風]特殊疑問詞: 引導特殊疑問意義的賓語從句wh~詞。
what, who,whom,which;
whose,which,what,how many +名詞;
how(old,long,often,far, soon)。
why, when/what time,where.
特殊疑問詞既有詞義,又在賓語從句充當句法成分。
3[微風]whether/if引導一般疑問意義的賓語從句。whether還可以引導選擇疑問意義的賓語從句。
He asked me if/whether I had read the book.
He asked me whether I liked art or sports.
二 賓語從句採取陳述句語序[心]:
He asked me what I was doing.
三賓語從句的時態呼應問題[心]:
1[微風]主句謂語動詞為過去時(一般過去,過去進行,過去完成),賓語從句的動詞時態要向後推移一個時態,把第一動詞變成過去式;已經是過去式變成had done.
2[微風]下列情況不需要時態呼應。
(1)賓語從句表客觀事實,普遍真理,一般現在時不變。
如 The teacher told us that the sun rises in the east.
(2)從句中有具體的過去時間店。一般過去時不變。
如 He told me that he left school in 1998。
(3)賓語從句中有過去時態的時間狀語從句。
如He told me that he was watering the garden when it began to rain.
(4) were/was born 不變。
(5)賓語從句中的情態助詞
沒有過去式或已經是過去式。
should, would, could,had better.
[微風]must的過去式用had to 替代。
如 He told us that we should work hard.
He told us that we had better get here on time.
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