世界可以探查太陽內核的溫度嗎（英讀廊為什麼科學家預測一兩度的溫度上升卻對世界意味著災難）

2023-05-02 02:47:21 3

* 用英語自身來理解和學習英語是最好的方式，《英讀廊》是《滿庭說英語》中的拓展閱讀系列，這一系列的文章力求幫助大家在英語閱讀能力上有所提升，並樹立英語思維；* 推薦的閱讀的方法是：先原文，適當看解析閱讀，還有疑惑再看雙語對照。* 解析中英語單詞的音標使用Dictcom和IPA雙音標標註，如果需要了解Dictcom音標，請參看我們的《dictionary.com所用的音標體系》一文。* 本篇文章難度係數12.99，由《小仙英語伴讀》人工智慧難度分析系統提供評分。

#英語思維#

#氣候變化#

【編者按】今天的有點兒難，所以如果看不到結尾也是可以理解的。

Why do climate scientists predict a change of just 1.5 or 2° Celsius means disaster for the world?【譯】為什麼氣候科學家預測只有1.5或2攝氏度的變化卻對世界來說意味著災難？【單詞】climate ['klahy-mit]['klaɪmət] n. 氣候【單詞】scientists 原型：scientist ['sahy-uh n-tist]['saɪəntɪst] n. 科學家【單詞】predict [pri-'dikt][prɪ'dɪkt] v. 預言；預報；預知；預測【單詞】disaster [dih-'zas-ter, -'zah-ster][dɪ'zɑːstə] n. 災難【專有名詞】Celsius ['sel-see-uhs, -shee-]['selsiəs] adj. 攝氏的 n. 攝氏

How can such a small temperature shift make such a big impact?【譯】這麼小的溫度變化怎麼會產生這麼大的影響？【單詞】temperature ['tem-per-uh-cher]['temprətʃə] n. 氣溫；溫度【單詞】shift [shift][ʃɪft] n. 變化；移動；計謀；輪班職工【單詞】impact ['im-pakt]['ɪmpækt] n. 影響；衝擊力

It's not just about the temperature getting a few degrees warmer.【譯】不僅僅是氣溫升高几度。【單詞】warmer 原型：warm 形容詞比較級，更暖和的

An effect of rising CO2 levels is that the global average temperature will get a few degrees warmer.【譯】二氧化碳濃度上升的一個影響是全球平均氣溫將升高几度。【單詞】global ['gloh-buhl]['ɡləʊbl] adj. 全球性的；總的【單詞】average ['av-er-ij]['ævərɪdʒ] adj. 平均的；一般的；通常的【專有名詞】CO2 [化]二氧化碳(=carbon dioxide)

That average temperature increase is a benchmark only, not the problem in and of itself.【譯】平均氣溫上升只是一個基準，而不是問題本身。【單詞】benchmark ['bench-mahrk]['bentʃmɑːk] n. 基準點；參照點

It's the other effects of the same root cause of increasing CO2 levels that are a problem.【譯】這是一個問題的另一個相同的根本原因，二氧化碳濃度的增加。【單詞】root [root, roo t][ruːt] n. 根；根源；根本

The earth is a giant thermodynamic engine that takes in energy in higher amounts near the equator where solar gain is greater than heat radiated back into space, and funnels it to the poles, where solar gain is less than heat radiated to space.【譯】地球是一個巨大的熱力學引擎，在赤道附近吸收更多的能量，那裡的太陽增益大於輻射回太空的熱量，並將其輸送到兩極，那裡的太陽增益小於輻射到太空的熱量。【語法】greater than 形容詞或副詞比較級 than，是「比...更...」的意思；例句：He is younger than me. 他比我（更）年輕。He runs faster than me. 他比我跑得（更）快。【短語】less than 小於；少於；不到；例句：Seven is two less than nine. 9比7少2。【單詞】earth [urth][ɜːθ] n. 地球【單詞】giant ['jahy-uh nt]['dʒaɪənt] adj. 巨大的【單詞】thermodynamic [thur-moh-dahy-'nam-ik][ˌθɜːməʊdaɪ'næmɪk] adj. 熱力的；熱力學的【單詞】engine ['en-juh n]['endʒɪn] n. 發動機；引擎【單詞】equator [ih-'kwey-ter][ɪ'kweɪtə] n. 赤道【單詞】solar ['soh-ler]['səʊlə] adj. 太陽的；太陽能的【單詞】gain [geyn][ɡeɪn] n. 獲得；收益；增益【單詞】heat [heet][hiːt] n. 熱度；熱【單詞】radiated 原型：radiate ['rey-dee-eyt]['reɪdieɪt] v. 放射；散發；輻射【單詞】funnels 原型：funnel ['fuhn-l]['fʌnl] vt. 使成漏鬥狀；使經過漏鬥【單詞】poles 原型：pole [pohl][pəʊl] n. 杆；柱；極點

CO2 acts like a blanket over the system, keeping more heat in, but the equatorial zones don't heat much, they just shuttle that extra heat to the poles through ocean and wind currents.【譯】二氧化碳就像覆蓋在整個系統上的一層毯子，把更多的熱量保持在裡面，但是赤道區域的熱量並不多，它們只是把多餘的熱量通過洋流和風流輸送到兩極。【單詞】blanket ['blang-kit]['blæŋkɪt] n. 毛毯；覆蓋物【單詞】equatorial [ee-kwuh-'tawr-ee-uhl][ˌekwə'tɔːriəl] adj. 近赤道的；赤道的【單詞】zones 原型：zone [zohn][zəʊn] n. 地域；地帶；地區【單詞】shuttle ['shuht-l]['ʃʌtl] v. 往返運送；穿梭移動【單詞】extra ['ek-struh]['ekstrə] adj. 額外的【單詞】ocean ['oh-shuh n]['əʊʃn] n. 海洋；海量

The same air currents also shuttle CO2 up to the poles, as can be seen in this NASA model, which further reduces heat radiated back into space at the poles.【譯】同樣的氣流也將二氧化碳輸送到兩極，這一點可以在美國宇航局的模型中看到，這進一步減少了在兩極輻射回太空的熱量。【單詞】reduces 原型：reduce [ri-'doos, -'dyoos][rɪ'djuːs] v. 減少；縮小【專有名詞】NASA ['nas-uh]['næsə] abbr. 美國國家航空和航天管理局(=National Aeronautics and Space Administration)

This means that the poles are heating up a lot more than 2 degrees C.【譯】這意味著兩極的溫度上升了2攝氏度以上。

More like 10.【譯】差不多10（攝氏度）吧。

The bulk of earth's frozen water is at the poles, so this rise of several degrees Celsius in the polar regions will melt a significant amount of land based ice, raising sea levels.【譯】地球上大部分的冷凍水都在兩極，因此極地地區幾攝氏度的上升將融化大量的陸地冰，提高海平面。【單詞】bulk [buhlk][bʌlk] n. 體積；容積；大塊；大部分；大批【單詞】frozen 原型：freeze [freez][friːz] v. 凍結；冷凍；凝固。frozen [ˈfrəʊzn]在這裡是過去分詞做形容詞用，意為「冷凍的; 冰封的; 結冰的;」【單詞】polar ['poh-ler]['pəʊlə] adj. 兩極的；對立的【單詞】regions 原型：region ['ree-juhn]['riːdʒən] n. 地區；範圍；領域；地帶；地域【單詞】melt [melt][melt] vt. 使融化；使熔化；使消散【單詞】based 原型：base [beys][beɪs] n. 底部；基礎【單詞】raising 原型：raise [reyz][reɪz] vt. 升起；舉起；

This is going to cost trillions of dollars to either preemptively try to deal with or as flood damage.【譯】這將花費數萬億美元，無論是提前設法處理或作為可能產生的洪災帶來的損失。【單詞】trillions 原型：trillion ['tril-yuhn]['trɪljən] n. 大量；兆；萬億【單詞】dollars 原型：dollar ['dol-er]['dɒlə] n. 美元【單詞】preemptively [pree-'emp-tiv-lee][prɪ'emptɪv] adj. 優先購買的；先發制人的【單詞】flood [fluhd][flʌd] n. 洪水【單詞】damage ['dam-ij]['dæmɪdʒ] n. 損害；損失；毀壞

In addition, CO2 in the atmosphere is also absorbed into the oceans.【譯】此外，大氣中的二氧化碳也被吸收到海洋中。【單詞】addition [uh-'dish-uhn][ə'dɪʃn] n. 增加；附加物

【短語】in addition 另外，此外。例句：In addition, we buy you a medical insurance. 除此而外，我們給你買醫療保險。【單詞】atmosphere ['at-muhs-feer]['ætməsfɪə] n. 大氣；空氣【單詞】absorbed 原型：absorb [ab-'sawrb, -'zawrb][əb'sɔːb] vt. 吸收

As the CO2 levels in the ocean rise, the oceans acidify, due to the creation of carbonic acid.【譯】隨著海洋中二氧化碳含量的上升，海洋會被「酸化」，這是因為會有碳酸產生。【短語】due to 多數表示「由於；因為」。如：This accident was due to his careless driving．同時，due 與to 單配，還可以表示「付給某人」，如：Respect is due to older people.【單詞】acidify [uh-'sid-uh-fahy][ə'sɪdɪfaɪ] v. 使變酸；酸化【單詞】creation [kree-'ey-shuhn][kri'eɪʃn] n. 創造；產生【單詞】carbonic [kahr-'bon-ik][kɑː'bɒnɪk] adj. 碳的；含碳的【單詞】acid ['as-id]['æsɪd] n. 酸；酸性物質

You may have seen of heard of people dissolving baby teeth in a can of coke, and the same thing happens to carbonaceous minerals in acidified ocean water.【譯】你可能聽說過有人把乳牙溶解在可樂罐裡，同樣的事情也發生在酸化海水中的含碳礦物上。【單詞】dissolving 原型：dissolve [dih-'zolv][dɪ'zɒlv] vt. 使溶解；消除【單詞】teeth 原型：tooth [tooth][tuːθ] n. 牙齒；齒狀物【單詞】coke [kohk][kəʊk] n. 可口可樂(=Coca-Cola)【單詞】happens 原型：happen ['hap-uhn]['hæpən] vi. 發生；碰巧【單詞】carbonaceous [kahr-buh-'ney-shuhs][ˌkɑːbə'neɪʃəs] adj. 碳的；碳質的；含碳的【單詞】minerals 原型：mineral ['min-er-uhl, 'min-ruhl]['mɪnərəl] n. 礦物【單詞】acidified [uh-'sid-uh-fahy][ə'sɪdɪfaɪ] v. 使變酸；酸化

So organisms with calcium carbonate shells like shellfish and coral grow slower and will likely soon reach the point where their structures are dissolving faster than they grow.【譯】因此，有碳酸鈣殼的生物，如貝類和珊瑚，生長較慢，很可能很快就會達到結構溶解速度比生長速度快的程度。【單詞】organisms 原型：organism ['awr-guh-niz-uhm]['ɔːɡənɪzəm] n. 有機體；生物體；有機組織【單詞】calcium ['kal-see-uhm]['kælsiəm] n. 鈣【單詞】carbonate ['kahr-buh-neyt, -nit]['kɑːbəneɪt] n. 碳酸鹽【單詞】shells 原型：shell [shel][ʃel] n. 殼【單詞】shellfish ['shel-fish]['ʃelfɪʃ] n. 貝；甲殼類動物【單詞】coral ['kawr-uhl, 'kor-]['kɒrəl] n. 珊瑚

This kicks the legs out of the base of the ocean's food web, and will largely collapse ocean life in near shore areas with the exception of algae and jellyfish.【譯】這將把它們踢出海洋食物網的底層，並將在很大程度上摧毀近岸地區的海洋生物，除了藻類和水母。【單詞】kicks 原型：kick [kik][kɪk] v. 踢【單詞】web [web][web] n. 網；網絡【單詞】collapse [kuh-'laps][kə'læps] v. （使）倒塌；（使）崩潰；（使）瓦解【單詞】shore [shawr, shohr][ʃɔː] n. 岸；濱【單詞】exception [ik-'sep-shuhn][ɪk'sepʃn] n. 例外；不合規則；反對【單詞】algae ['al-jee]['ældʒiː] n. 水藻；海藻；名詞alga的複數形式.【單詞】jellyfish ['jel-ee-fish]['dʒelifɪʃ] n. 水母；海蜇

Finally, since the earth is currently being shifted out of equilibrium, the weather patterns are behaving like a top that is starting to topple, with extreme systems swinging across the globe.【譯】最後，由於地球目前正在失去平衡，天氣模式的表現就像一個頂部開始傾倒的極端系統在全球範圍內擺動。【單詞】currently ['kur-uhnt-lee, 'kuhr-]['kʌrəntli] adv. 現在；通常；當前【單詞】equilibrium [ee-kwuh-'lib-ree-uhm, ek-wuh-][ˌiːkwɪ'lɪbriəm] n. 平衡；均衡；平靜【單詞】patterns 原型：pattern ['pat-ern; British 'pat-n]['pætn] n. 模式【單詞】behaving 原型：behave [bih-'heyv][bɪ'heɪv] v. 表現；行為；舉止【單詞】topple ['top-uhl]['tɒpl] vi. 倒塌【單詞】extreme [ik-'streem][ɪk'striːm] adj. 極度的；極端的【單詞】swinging 原型：swing [swing][swɪŋ] v. 搖擺；旋轉；動搖【單詞】globe [glohb][ɡləʊb] n. 地球；世界

We are getting high pressure systems that park themselves over an area for weeks at a time, blasting the area with heat.【譯】這些高壓系統會一次在一個區域上空停上幾個星期，用高溫對該區域進行破壞。【單詞】blasting 原型：blast [blast, blahst][blɑːst] v. 爆破；摧毀

In the ocean, this can kill corals, and much of the earth's coral reefs are already dying off as a result of these extended heat waves.【譯】在海洋中，這會殺死珊瑚，地球上的許多珊瑚礁已經因為這些比以前更持久的熱浪而死亡。【短語】as a result (of ...) 結果，因...而...；例句：The plan foundered as a result of lack of finance. 這個計劃由於缺乏資金而失敗。【單詞】reefs 原型：reef [reef][riːf] n. 暗礁；礦脈【單詞】dying 原型：die [dahy][daɪ] v. 死；枯竭；消失

【單詞】extended 原型：extend [ik-'stend][ɪk'stend] v. 延伸；延長；伸展；擴展【單詞】waves 原型：wave [weyv][weɪv] n. 波浪；波

Over land they reduce crop yields and can kill people.【譯】在陸地上，它們會降低作物產量，並可能導致死亡。【單詞】crop [krop][krɒp] n. 農作物；收成；莊稼【單詞】yields 原型：yield [yeeld][jiːld] n. 投資收益；生產量

We have a circumpolar band of wind called the polar vortex that will start to meander, bringing snow to Florida and dropping temperatures across the Eastern US by 10-15 degrees C below normal in the middle of winter for weeks at a time, killing native plants and animals that aren't adapted to being able to survive that kind of cold for that long.【譯】我們有一個被稱為「極地渦旋」的環繞極地風帶，它將開始盤旋，給佛羅裡達州帶來降雪，整個美國東部地區的氣溫在隆冬時節連續數周低於正常值10-15攝氏度，殺死那些不適應在那種寒冷中存活那麼長時間的當地動植物。【單詞】circumpolar [sur-kuhm-'poh-ler][ˌsɜːkəm'pəʊlə] adj. 極地附近的；天極附近的【單詞】band [band][bænd] n. 帶；箍【單詞】vortex ['vawr-teks]['vɔːteks] n. 漩渦；旋風【單詞】meander [mee-'an-der][mi'ændə] v. 緩慢而彎曲地流動；漫步；迂迴【單詞】native ['ney-tiv]['neɪtɪv] adj. 本國的；本土的；當地的【單詞】plants 原型：plant [plant, plahnt][plɑːnt] n. 植物【單詞】adapted 原型：adapt [uh-'dapt][ə'dæpt] vi. 適應；適合【單詞】survive [ser-'vahyv][sə'vaɪv] vt. 倖免於難；存活；艱難度過【專有名詞】Florida 地名 ['flawr-i-duh, 'flor-]['flɒrɪdə] n. 佛羅裡達(美國州名) 【專有名詞】Eastern US 美國東部

These shifting weather patterns also change climate in areas, such that some areas will see extended drought such that there will no longer be enough water for the people that currently live there.【譯】這些不斷變化的天氣模式也改變了一些地區的氣候，因此一些地區將出現持續的乾旱，從而不再有足夠的水供應目前居住在那裡的人們。【單詞】drought [drout][draʊt] n. 乾旱

In other areas, heavier rainfall increase flooding and landslide events, which cause millions to billions of dollars of damage to communities and kill people.【譯】在其他地區，強降雨增加了洪水和山體滑坡事件，給社區造成數百萬至數十億美元的損失，並造成人員死亡。【單詞】heavier 原型：heavy 形容詞比較級 ['hev-ee]['hevi] adj. 大(量)的；重的；沉重的；猛烈的【單詞】rainfall ['reyn-fawl]['reɪnfɔːl] n. 降雨；降雨量【單詞】landslide ['land-slahyd]['lændslaɪd] n. 山崩；滑坡【單詞】billions 原型：billion ['bil-yuh n]['bɪljən] n. 十億

Any time the world goes through a climactic shift, it becomes less habitable to the species that were adapted to the old patterns.【譯】任何時候，世界經歷了一次極度的轉變，它就變得越來越不適合那些只適應舊模式的物種居住。【單詞】climactic [klahy-'mak-tik][klaɪ'mæktɪk] adj. 高潮的；頂點的【單詞】habitable ['hab-i-tuh-buhl]['hæbɪtəbl] adj. 可居住的；適於居住的【單詞】species ['spee-sheez, -seez]['spiːʃiːz] n. 種類；（單復同）物種

Because of the interconnectedness of ecosystems, these effects ripple in a positive feedback loop that drives up extinction rates in a runaway process that can radically alter the biome.【譯】由於生態系統的相互聯繫，這些效應在正反饋環中波動，從而在一個失控的過程中推高滅絕率，從而從根本上改變生物群落。【單詞】interconnectedness [in-ter-kuh-'nek-tid-nis][ˌɪntəkə'nekt] v. 使互相連接；連接【單詞】ecosystems 名詞複數形式 Ecosystems 生態系統【單詞】ripple ['rip-uhl]['rɪpl] v. 使起漣漪；起伏【單詞】positive ['poz-i-tiv]['pɒzətɪv] adj. 積極的；肯定的；正面的【單詞】feedback ['feed-bak]['fiːdbæk] n. 反饋【單詞】loop [loop][luːp] n. 環；圈；迴路【單詞】drives 原型：drive [drahyv][draɪv] v. 驅動；迫使【單詞】extinction [ik-'stingk-shuhn][ɪk'stɪŋkʃn] n. 消失；消減【單詞】runaway ['ruhn-uh-wey]['rʌnəweɪ] adj. 逃跑的；失控的；迅速的【單詞】radically ['rad-ik-lee]['rædɪkli] adv. 根本地；完全地；過激地【單詞】alter ['awl-ter]['ɔːltə] v. 改變；更改【單詞】biome ['bahy-ohm]['baɪəʊm] n. 生物群系