高脂血症的地區分布（關於高脂血症中的HDL和LDL）

2023-05-15 22:05:55

各位朋友：

大家好，現在是「每天健康三分鐘」時間，我是安陽道簡醫院的護士楊玲娜。今天我來給大家講講關於高脂血症中的HDL和LDL。

HDL膽固醇也叫高密度脂蛋白膽固醇，它是血脂的成分之一，高密度脂蛋白膽固醇主要是由肝臟合成，主要生理功能是轉運磷脂和膽固醇。高密度脂蛋白是一種抗動脈粥樣硬化的脂蛋白，是冠心病的保護因子，稱為「好」膽固醇，屬於血管垃圾「清道夫「，它的作用是可以降低動脈硬化的發病率，使冠心病、腦梗死等疾病發病減少。所以高密度脂蛋白膽固醇數值偏高，對人體的健康是有好處的。但也不是越高越好！在輕度偏高的時候，對心血管系統是有保護作用的，但是如果異常偏高，那麼也可以是疾病狀態。比如說在慢性肝炎、肝硬化、酒精中毒性肝損傷等肝病的時候，可以導致脂代謝異常。所以如果高密度脂蛋白膽固醇過於升高，需要進一步的檢查，明確原因後去加以治療。另外還有一些非病理性因素如勞累過度、休息不當、飲食不合理、酗酒，原發性高高密度脂蛋白膽固醇血症者(家族性高α-脂蛋白血症)、藥物影響比如維生素E、肝素、避孕藥、胰島素等，也可以引起患者體內高密度脂蛋白偏高的情況。如果幾天或一周後降到正常就不用擔心，如果長期高血壓要注意進一步檢查看看。另外，高密度脂蛋白膽固醇出現了長期降低的情況，也需要引起重視，必要時也要到醫院系統檢查排除病理性原因。

LDL膽固醇即低密度脂蛋白膽固醇是評價高脂血症中的一項重要指標，是動脈粥樣硬化的危險因素之一，容易導致動脈中膜的泡沫細胞的形成，損傷血管內皮細胞，又稱為「壞」膽固醇。如果低密度脂蛋白較高可以通過藥物治療，以降低低密度脂蛋白為主的藥物有他汀類藥物如阿託伐他汀鈣、瑞舒伐他汀鈣等；除了藥物治療外日常生活中要注意合理飲食，多吃水果蔬菜，少吃油膩、動物內臟和蛋類等膽固醇含量高的食物；積極控制體重，加強鍛鍊，體重減輕後，血脂紊亂亦可能進一步好轉。

最後祝大家生活愉快，身體健康！想了解更多心血管科普小知識，請關注我們，咱們下期見！

Dear friends, nice to meet you!Now it is time for 「health talk for three minutes every day」,My name is Yang Lingna, a nurse of Anyang Daojian Hospital.Today, I'd like to tell you about HDL and LDL in hyperlipidemia.

HDL cholesterol, also known as high density lipoprotein cholesterol, is one of the components of blood lipids.High density lipoprotein cholesterol is mainly synthesized by the liver,and its main physiological function is to transport phospholipids and cholesterol.High density lipoprotein is an anti atherosclerotic lipoprotein, a protective factor for coronary heart disease.It is called "good" cholesterol, and belongs to the "scavenger" of vascular waste.Its function is to reduce the incidence rate of atherosclerosis, coronary heart disease and cerebral infarction. So high density lipoprotein cholesterol is good for human health.But it's not that the higher the HDL-C level, the better!When it is slightly high, it has protective effect on cardiovascular system,but if it is abnormally high, patients may also be in a disease state. For example, if patients with chronic hepatitis, liver cirrhosis, alcoholic liver injury and other liver diseases, high HDL-C may lead to abnormal lipid metabolism.

Therefore, if patients with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol,it is necessary to do further examination, clear the causes before treatment. In addition, some non pathological factors, such as overwork, improper rest, unreasonable diet, alcohol abuse,patients with primary high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (familial high alpha lipoprotein), or affected by drugs, such as vitamin E, heparin, contraceptives, insulin, etc., may also cause the high level of high-density lipoprotein in patients.If the HDL level drops to normal after a few days or a week of abnormal detection, the patient does not have to do further interventions.

If the HDL level has not returned to normal for a long time, the patient needs further examination.In addition, the hospital should also pay attention to the causes of high cholesterol density if necessary.

LDL cholesterol, namely low density lipoprotein cholesterol, is an important indicator of hyperlipidemia.It is one of the risk factors of atherosclerosis.It can easily lead to the formation of foam cells in the arterial membrane and damage the vascular endothelial cells,also known as "bad" cholesterol.High LDL can be treated by drugs. Statins, such as atorvastatin calcium and rosuvastatin calcium, can reduce LDL. In addition to drug treatment, we should pay attention to reasonable diet in daily life, eat more fruits and vegetables, less greasy food, animal viscera and eggs and other foods with high cholesterol content.

In addition, we should actively control weight and strengthen exercise.After weight loss, dyslipidemia may be improved.

Finally, I wish you all a happy life and good health!To learn more about cardiovascular disease, please pay attention to us. See you next time!