八年級下冊英語知識點歸納1-6單元（人教版八年級英語下冊知識點總結）

2023-07-22 14:19:09

Unit5 What were you doing when the rainstorm came?

1. arrive at 到達(小地方)

arrive in到達(大地方)

reach 到達

get to 到達

I arrived in Beijing last night. = I reached Beijing last night .

= I got to Beijing last night .

如果賓語是副詞here, there, home, 要把at/in/to省略。

arrive here/there/home

get here/there/home

2. in front of… 在 … 的前面 (某一範圍外的前面)

in the front of … 在 … 的前面(某一範圍內的前面)

There are some big trees in front of the classroom building. 在教室的前面有一些大樹。

I like sitting in the front of the taxi. 我喜歡坐在計程車的前排位置。

3. take off

（1）起飛

When did the plane take off yesterday? 飛機什麼時候起飛？

（2）脫下(衣帽等)

He took off his coat as soon as he went into the room. 他一進房間就脫掉了外套。

（3）取消

They will take off the 5 am train . 他們取消了早上5點的火車。

4. get out (of ) … 從……離開/出去/下來

A car stopped and a girl got out of it.

但從汽車/火車/船/飛機/馬匹上下來, 用get off…

5. follow

（1）跟隨 I followed him up he hill. 我跟著他上了山.

（2）沿著……前進 Follow this road until you get to the post office. 順著這條路一直到郵局.

（3）聽懂，理解 Could you speak more slowly? I can’t follow you. 你能說慢點嗎？我聽不懂。

（4）follow sb. to do sth. 跟著某人做某事

Please follow me to read the story. 請跟我讀這個故事。

6. shout at 大聲喊叫，多指因生氣而非善意的大聲叫喊

Don’t shout at the little boy. He is too young. 不要對他大叫，他還太小。

shout to 大聲喊叫，多指因距離遠而不得不大聲叫喊

We should shout to him , or he can’t hear us. 我們應該朝他叫喊，否則他聽不到我們的聲音。

7. happen 發生，具體事件偶然的沒有預見的發生

（1）happen to do sth. 碰巧做某事

I happened to meet one of my old friends in the park yesterday .昨天我在公園碰巧遇見我的一個老朋友。

（2）sth happens to sb. 某人發生了某事

An car accident happened to him last month. 上個月他發生了交通事故.

take place 發生

（1）按計劃進行或按計劃發生

Great changes have taken place in China in recent years. 最近幾年中國發生了巨大的變化.

（2）(運動/ 活動/會議等) 舉行

The meeting will take place next Friday. 運動會將於下星期五舉行。

take the place of 代替, 取代

Plastics can sometimes take the place of wood and metal . 塑料有時能代替木材和金屬.

take one’s place 坐某人的位置, 代替某人的職務

Come to take my place. my seat is near the window . 來做我的位置，我的座位靠近窗戶。

8. anywhere 任何地方，常用於否定句或疑問句中.

Did you go anywhere last night? 你昨天還去了別的地方了嗎？

somewhere 某個地方，用於肯定句。

come and see me. Then we』ll go out somewhere. 來我家找我，然後我們出去逛逛。

everywhere 處處, 到處 = here and there

I can’t find my pen though I looked for it everywhere. 儘管我到處都找過了，還是找不到我的鋼筆。

11. silence 名詞, 寂靜/無聲

There’s nothing but silence in the room. 屋內寂靜無聲。

Keep in silence. 保持沉默.

silent 形容詞, 沉默的, 寂靜的

The old house was quite silent. 這所老房子寂靜無聲。

The cat moved on silent feet. 那隻貓無聲地走動著。

12. hear 聽到

Can you hear someone knocking at the door? 你聽到有人敲門了嗎？

（1）hear of 聽說 , 後接表示人或物的詞

I have never heard of him before. 我以前從來沒有聽說過他。

( 2 ) hear about 聽說, 後接表示事件的名詞

I』ve just heard about his illness. 我剛剛聽說他生病的事。

Have you heard about the accident ? 你聽說了那場事故嗎?

（3）hear from 收到某人的來信

I heard from my daughter in New York yesterday. 我昨天收到在紐約的女兒的來信。

13. 主語 be one of the 形容詞最高級 複數名詞 in / of 短語。

…… 是……中最……的……之一.

This was one of the most important events in modern American history. 這是美國歷史上最重要的事件之一。

Xiamen is one of the most beautiful cities in China. 廈門是中國最漂亮的城市之一。

13. experience

（1）名詞經驗, 不可數名詞 ; 經歷, 體驗, 可數名詞

Have you had any experience of fishing? 你有釣魚的經驗嗎?

Could you tell us about your experiences in Africa? 你能給我們談談你在非洲的經歷嗎?

（2）動詞 經歷, 感覺

The children experienced many difficulties this time. 這次孩子們經歷了許多困難.

experienced 形容詞 有經驗的

be experienced in/at doing sth. = have much experience in/at doing sth. 做某事很有經驗.

She is an experienced teacher. 他是一個經驗豐富的教師。

He is very experienced in/at repairing cars. 他修車很有經驗。

14. as … as … 和…… 一樣… 兩個as之間用形容詞或副詞的原形。

He works as carefully as she. 他和她一樣工作認真。

She is as tall as her mother. 她和母親一樣高。

not as… as… 不如某人/某物…

He isn’t as / so old as he looks . 他不像看起來那麼老。

She doesn’t run as / so fast as her brother. 她不如她哥哥跑得那麼快。

15. have fun = have a good/great/wonderful time = enjoy oneself 玩得開心，過得愉快

Did you have fun at the party? 昨天在派對上玩的開心嗎？

= Did you have a good/great/wonderful time ?

= Did you enjoy yourself ?

have fun doing sth. 開心做某事

I’m just having fun playing the guitar . 我正開心的彈吉他呢。

16. accident 事故, 意外遭遇

He was killed in an accident. 他死於一起意外事故.

traffic accident 交通事故

Many people die in traffic accidents every year. 每年有很多人死於交通事故。

by accident 偶然, 意外地

We met at the airport by accident . 我們偶然在機場遇見。

18. think about 考慮 (某個計劃 )

They are thinking about moving to Beijing. 他們考慮搬去北京。

think of 認為 What do you think of the movie?= how do you like the movie? 你認為這部電影怎麼樣?

think over 仔細思考

We need a few days to think over this matter. 我們需要幾天時間來考慮這個事情。

19. 感嘆句

what 引導的感嘆句

（1）What a beautiful girl (she is )! 多麼美的姑娘呀 !

（2）What a clever boy ( he is )! 多麼聰明的男孩呀 !

（3）What interesting pictures ( they are )! 多麼美的圖片呀 !

（4）What tall buildings ( they are )! 多麼高的樓呀 !

（5）What delicious food ( it is ) ! 多麼可口的食物呀 !

（6）What bad weather ( it is ) ! 多麼壞的天氣呀 !

規律：what ( a/an ) 形容詞 名詞 ( 主語 謂語) !

名詞為不可數名詞或複數名詞時, 形容詞前面不能有a/an。

how 引導的感嘆句

（7）How heavy the box is! 多麼重的箱子呀!

How fast he runs! 他跑得多快呀!

（8）How careful the girl is! 多麼細心的姑娘呀!

How well she plays the piano! 她的鋼琴彈得多好呀!

20. 過去進行時

過去進行時的用法

（1）過去某一時刻正在進行的動作。

What were you doing at 8:30 this morning? 今天早上8點半你正在做什麼？

When I called him, he was having dinner. 當我打電話給他時，他正在吃飯。

（2）過去某段時間正在進行的動作。

What were you doing from seven to nine yesterday? 你昨天7點到9點在做什麼？

I was reading the whole morning yesterday. 我昨天一整個早上都在看書。

過去進行時的構成

（1）肯定句：主語 was / were 動詞ing形式 時間狀語。

（2）否定句：主語 was / were not 動詞ing形式 時間狀語。

（3）疑問句：was / were 主語 動詞ing形式 時間狀語 ？

肯定回答：Yes , 主語 was / were .

否定回答：No, 主語 was / were not .

Unit6 An old man tried to move the mountains.

1. What do you think about/of...?

So what do you think about the story of Yu Gong?=How do you like the story of Yu Gong? 你覺得愚公的故事如何？

2. It doesn’t seem adj. to do sth...

It doesn’t seem very possible to move a mountain. 把一座山給移掉好像不太可能。

3. This is because...

This is because he can make 72 changes to his shape and size, turning himself into different animals and objects. 這是因為他會根據他的形狀和大小，做出72種變化，可以將自己變成不同的動物或東西。

4. … so… that 從句

Sometimes he can make the stick so small that he can keep it in his ear. 有時候他使金箍棒變得如此小以至於他可以把它放在耳朵裡。

5. It takes sb. some time to do sth...

Because they were so big that it took a long time to walk to the other side. 因為它們如此之大以至於走到另一邊花費了很長時間。

6. ...not...until十從句 直到......才......

Don’t eat it until you get to the forest. 你們到達森林之後才能吃。

7. shoot v.射，射擊，過去式shot

Hou Yi shoots the sun. 后羿射日。

shoot at sth. 瞄準/朝......射擊

8. as soon as…「一…...就...…，剛...…就...…」

I will tell him the news as soon as he comes back. 他一回來我就把消息告訴他。

He took out his English book as soon as he sat down. 他一坐下就把英語書拿出來了。

9. A god was so moved by Yu Gong that he send two gods to take the mountains away.

(1) move v. 打動；使感動

be moved (by sth./sb.) （被某人/事）感動

I was moves by your kindness. 我被你的善良打動了。

(2)take (…) away（把......）帶走，拿走

Someone took my iPhone away while I was waiting in the station. 當我在車站等車的時候，有人拿走了我的iphone。

take out 帶出去，拿出去

take turns (to do…) 輪流做某事

10. remind v.「提醒，使想起」，及物動詞

(1) remind sb. of sth. 讓我們想起某事

The old photo reminds me of my childhood. 這張老照片讓我想起了我的童年。

(2) remind sb. to do sth. 提醒某人做某事：

My parents often remind me to study hard. 我的父母總是提醒我要努力學習。

11. I think it’s a little bit silly. 我認為那有點兒傻。

a little bit 意為「有點兒」，後加形容詞，相當於a little，a bit

This is a little bit difficult for me. 這對我來說有點難。

12. turn...into... 「把......變成......」

Please turn this into English. 請把這個譯成英語。

Joan is turning into a skilled musician. 瓊正在變成一個技藝精湛的音樂家。

13. at other times 「平時，有時，在其他時候」

At other times he doesn’t have to get up at all. 平時他根本不必起來。

Sometimes we went to the beach and at other times we went to climb the mountains. 我們有時候去海灘，有時去爬山。

14. come out

(1) 出版

That magazine comes out every Monday. 那本雜誌每周一出版。

(2) 出來，出現，開花

The stars come out as soon as it was dark. 天一黑星星就出來了。

(2) 傳出，真相大白

The truth has come out at last. 最後真相大白了。

15. become interested in，對…...感興趣 = be interested in，後接名詞，代詞，動名詞

I became interested in piano. 我對鋼琴感興趣。

16. whole adj. 全部的，整體的

whole後通常跟可數名詞，前加the/this/ my等形容詞性物主代詞修飾

The old man told us the whole story. 老人給我們講了整個故事。

all也指」所有的」，修飾可數或不可數名詞，放在the/ this/ my等詞前。

17. be made of… 由......製成，看得出原材料；

be made from… 由......製成，看不出原材料。

Unit7 What’s the highest mountain in the world?

1. It is adj. (for sb. ) to do sth.

It is very hard to take in air as you get near the top. 當你接近山頂時，連呼吸都會困難。

2. ... is because ...

One of the main reasons is because people want to challenge themselves in the face of difficulties. 其中的一個主要的原因是人們想要在面臨困難時挑戰自己。

3. ...show(s) (sb) that...

The spirit of these climbers shows us that we should never give up trying to achieve our dreams. 這些登山者的精神向我們證明：我們永遠都不應 該放棄實現自己的夢想。

4. 表達事物的長，寬，高，深……?

sth. /sb. be 數量 單位 形容詞long, wide, tall, deep。

The river is 2 meters deep.

Qomolangma is 8,844.43 meters high.

long---length (n. 長度)

wide---width (n. 寬度)

deep---depth(n. 深度)

high----height(n.高度)

the length/depth/ width/height/size of sth. … 的長度，深度，寬度，高度，面積

5. 問事物的高，深，寬，長…?

How high/deep/tall/wide/long/is...?

How high is Qomolangma? 珠穆朗瑪峰有多高？

6. The first Chinese team did so in1960, while the first woman to succeed was Junko Tabei.

1) while, 此處是「而，然而，」輕微對比。不是「當…時候」, 用在句中，前面有逗號。

2) succeed. v. 成功

succeed in doing sth.

He succeeded in finishing the work. 他成功的完成了工作。

success n.「成功」不可數

Confidence is the key to success. 自信是成功的關鍵。

success n. 「成功的人，物」，可數

He is a great success. 他是一個很成功的人。

successful adj. 成功的， successfully adj. 成功地

7. Adult pandas spend more than12 hours a day eating 10 kilos of bamboo.

bamboo 做「竹子做的食物」或「竹子製品」不可數，bamboo chair；但做植物講時可數。

1) sb. spend time/money on sth./in doing sth.

2) sb. pay money for sth. 某人為某物支付多少錢

3) It takes sb time to do sth. 花費某人多長時間做某事

4) sth cost money 某物值多少錢。

8. Canada is a lot less crowded than China. 加拿大不及中國擁擠很多。

less adj than 不及......

Joseph is less honest than his brother. 約瑟夫不像他兄弟那樣誠實。

less than （中間不加任何詞）「少於」 There are less than 30 girls in my class. 我們班不足30個女生。

more than （中間不加任何詞）「超過，多於，相當於over」

There are more than 30 girls in my class. 我們班有超過30個女生。

Unit8 Have you read Treasure Island？

1. Have you read Little Woman yet? 你讀過《小婦人》這本書嗎？

現在完成時的基本句型：

肯定式：主語 助動詞have/has 動詞的過去分詞。

疑問式：助動詞Have/Has 主語 動詞的過去分詞?

否定式: 主語 助動詞have/has not 動詞的過去分詞。

現在完成時的主要用法

1）表示過去發生的某一動作對現在造成的影響或結果。常和副詞already, yet, never, ever ,before ,just等連用。.

I have finished my homework. I am free. (我已經完成了家庭作業,對現在造成的結果是很有空)

2）表示過去已經開始, 持續到現在的動作或狀態。常與since 過去的時間點， for 一段時間，so far 等時間狀語連用。

I have learnt English for more than ten years. 我已經學了10多年的英語。(從10年前開始,持續到現在還在學)

She has swum since half an hour before. 我已經遊泳了半個小時。(半個小時前已經開始遊泳,到現在還在遊)

already/yet的區別：

already 往往用於肯定句，用在疑問句時表示強調或加強語氣；yet 用於否定句和疑問句。

He has already left here. 他已經離開這裡了。

My parents haven’t had breakfast yet. 我的父母還沒吃早餐。

2. What’s it like? 它怎麼樣？

某物怎麼樣？ What’s 物 like?

How be 物？ 某人怎麼樣？

What’s 人 like? 用來提問人的性格

What do / does 人 look like?用來提問人的外表

3. Oliver Twist is about a boy who went out to sea and found an Island full of treasures.

《霧都孤兒》講的是一個小男孩出海並發現了一個滿是珠寶的小島的故事。

full of 充滿

be full of = be filled with 充滿

The cup is full of water =The cup is filled with water.

be full for 對…很忙 This week is full for me.

4. It’s about four sisters growing up. 它講述的是四個姐妹的成長故事。

grow up 長大；成長

I grew up in Beijing. 我在北京長大。

grow into 長大成為

Mary grew into a beautiful girl. 瑪麗長成了一個漂亮的女孩。

5. You should hurry up. 你得快點。

hurry up 趕快；急忙（做某事）(用在口語中，用來催促別人快走）

in a hurry=in one’s hurry 匆忙地

hurry to do sth 匆忙去做

hurry sb. 催促某人

6. One of them died but the other ran towards my house. 他們中的一個人死了，另一個朝我的房子這邊跑過來了。

the other 另一個 , one …the other一個….另一個(僅用兩者間)

other 泛指其他的人、物 作形容詞或代詞，其後接名詞的複數形式

others 泛指另外幾個，其餘的 是other的複數形式，在句中作主語、賓語

the others 其他東西；其餘的人們，特指某一範圍的「其他的人或物」

another 其他的；再一個；另一個，只能用於三個或更多的人或物

7. think of / think about / think over辨析

（1）think of, 固定短語，表示「提到（某人、某物、某事或某主意等），考慮，思考，對......有某種看法」，後接名詞，代詞、動詞-ing形式。

--- What do you think of your Chinese teacher?

--- I like her very much.

（2）think of 表示「思考，考慮，對......有某種看法」時，可以與think about 互換。

What do you think of the movie? = What do you think about the movie?

（3）think of 表示「想出，想著，想起」時，不可用think about 代替。

I always think of my childhood. 我總是想起我的童年。

（4）think over意為「仔細考慮，認真考慮」，強調思考的程度比think of/about深，相當於think about...carefully。 其中over是副詞，賓語若是名詞，則可位於over之前或之後；當賓語是代詞時，則必須放在over之前。

Think it over before you do it. 三思而後行。

Unit9 Have you ever been to an amusement park?

1. —Have you ever been to…? ---你曾經去過遊樂園嗎？

—Yes，I have. / No，I haven’t. ---是的，去過。/不，沒去過。

I/He/She have / has never been to… 我/他/她從沒去過……

I/He/She have / has been to… many times. 我/他/她去過...…很多次。

I』d like to go there again. 我還想再去一次。

2. — Have you ever been to an amusement park? ---你曾經去過遊樂園嗎？

— Yes，I have. / No，I haven’t. ---是的，去過。/不，沒去過。 點撥1

have been to＋地點 去過某地

I have been to Beijing. 我去過北京。

辨析：have been to＋sp.與 have gone to ＋sp.

①have been to ＋sp., 表示去過某處，現在已經回來了，不在那裡了。

We have been to Qingdao. 我們去過青島。（現在不在青島）

②have gone to ＋sp., 表示到某處去了，現在還沒有回來。

They have gone to Sydney. 他們去雪梨了。（現在在雪梨或在途中）

③have been in ＋sp., 表示在某處呆過多長時間。

How long have you been in China? 你在中國住了多長時間？

3. neither, nor用法相同，都用於否定的倒裝，意為「也不」。

so用於肯定的倒裝。意為「也」。

①否定句＋neither/nor＋be(have, 助動詞或情態動詞)＋另一主語，表示「也不」。

If you won’t go, neither will I. 如果你不去，我也不去。

He isn’t a teacher, neither am I. 他不是老師，我也不是。

②肯定句＋so＋be(have, 助動詞或情態動詞)＋另一主語，表示「也」。

She likes apples, so does her brother. 她喜歡蘋果，她弟弟也喜歡。

He is from the USA, so is his wife. 他是美國人，他妻子也是。

4. 辨析：hear，hear of與hear from

(1)hear為及物動詞，意為「聽見，聽到」，後可跟複合賓語

hear sb do sth表示「聽見某人做了某事」或hear sb doing sth表示「聽見某人正做某事」。

We listened but could hear nothing. 我們留心聽，卻什麼也沒有聽見。

I heard her singing in her room. 我聽見她正在房間裡唱歌。

(2)hear還可作「聽說」講，後常跟that引導的賓語從句。

I heard that he was ill. 我聽說他病了。

I heard that it’s a good film. 我聽說那是部好影片。

(3)hear of意為「聽說」，後跟人或物作賓語。

I』ve never heard of that place. 我從未聽說過那個地方。

Have you ever heard of that story? 你聽說過那個故事嗎？

(4)hear from意為「收到某人的來信」，後跟人作賓語。

How often do you hear from your sister? 你多長時間收到你姐姐的一次信？

I heard from him last week. 我上周收到他的信。

5. find，find out與look for都含有「尋找，找到」的意思，但其含義和用法卻不同。

(1)find意為「找到，發現」，通常指找到或發現具體的東西，也可指偶然發現某物或某種情況，強調的是找的結果。

Will you find me a pen? 你替我找支鋼筆好嗎？

He didn’t find his bike. 他沒找到他的自行車。

(2)look for意為「尋找」，是有目的地找，強調「尋找」這一動作。

I don’t find my pen；I’m looking for it everywhere. 我沒有找到我的鋼筆，我正到處找。

(3)find out意為「找出，發現，查明」，多指通過調查、詢問、打聽、研究之後「搞清楚，弄明白」，通常含有「經過困難曲折」的含義，指找出較難找到的、無形的、抽象的東西。

Please find out when the train leaves. 請查一下火車什麼時候離站。

Read this passage，and find out the answer to this question. 讀這篇短文，找出這個問題的答案。

Unit10 I』ve had this bike for three years.

1. Some… Others...

Some people still live in their hometown. However, others may only see it once or twice a year.

有些人仍然住在家鄉。然而，另一些人可能一年只能回家鄉一兩次。

2. As for me, I did not want to give up my football shirts, but, to be honest，I have not played for a while now.

至於我，我不想放棄我的足球衣。但是，說實在的，我現在巳經有一段時間沒有踢(足球)了。

3. Have you ever thought about having a yard sale to sell your things? 你是否曾經想過要舉辦一個庭院拍賣會來出售東西？

4. What would you do with the money you raise? 你會怎麼處理你所籌集到的錢？

5. 與現在完成時連用的時間狀語

already (肯定句)；yet (否定或疑問)；just；before；never；ever；recently最近；so far 到目前為止；

表示次數的詞，如：once, twice, three times；

for 時間段= since 時間段 ago；since 過去時間點；since 過去時的句子；

how long；these days等

附：常見的非延續動詞轉換為延續性動詞表。

1. 轉換為相應的延續性動詞。

borrow — keep

buy — have

put on — wear

catch/get a cold — have a cold

get to know — know

get to sleep — sleep

2. 轉化為「be 形容詞/副詞/介詞/名詞」

close — be closed

open — be open

die — be dead

become — be

fall sleep — be asleep

wake up — be awake

make friends — be friends

fall/get ill — be ill

lose — be lost/missing

marry — be married

leave ( 地點) — be away (from 地點)

come back/go back/return — be back

begin / start — be on

go out — be out

finish — be over

get up — be up

go to bed — be in bed

join — be in/be a member of

get to/arrive in(at)/reach — be (in/at)

come to/go to/move to — be (in/at)