英國電影研究碩士預科課程（英國傳媒II劍橋大學電影學碩士專業課程設置）

2023-08-03 11:35:33

核心課程由兩條脈絡組成。第一條主線是「移動影像理論化」（Theorizing Moving Images）將古典和當代電影/媒體理論與美學理論相結合。第二主線是「電影和屏幕研究的主題」，探討了一系列特定的研究領域（例如，早期電影）和方法論問題（例如，電影研究在歷史背景下的解釋）。

我們預期是學生將參加我們所有的研討會。通常，在這些研討會之前，需要與該周的（通常是來訪的）演講者進行非正式對話。在四旬期和復活節期開始之前，將要求學生提交對這些大師班和研討會的回應/反思的檔案。如果由於任何緊迫的原因而無法在給定的一周內工作，則必須選擇另一個與主題有關的研究研討會（在劍橋或其他地方），以作為回應的對象。每篇檔案應在250到500個字之間。該檔案未經評估，但碩士項目的召集人將提供反饋。

學生將成對或小組合作進行演示，並在「移動影像理論化」討論會上進行演講。這些將在學期開始前舉行的初步會議中分配。演講是強制性的，但不對最終分數產生影響。

學生將選擇一個獨立的論文主題，並由核心課程的教師教學（以及在特定年份不進行核心課程教學的電影和屏幕研究的教師指導）。論文必須以某種有意義的方式參與其中任一環節中至少一個核心環節的要求閱讀。

John David Rhodes ([email protected]) and

Laura McMahon ([email protected])

Reading:

Roland Barthes, Camera Lucida: Reflections on Photography, Richard Howard, trans. (London: Vintage, 2000 [1980]). (If possible, students should acquire their own copies of Camera Obscura).

André Bazin, "The Ontology of the Photographic Image.」 In What is Cinema?. Volume I. Hugh Gray, ed. and trans. (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1967), pp. 9-16.

Jonathan Beller, 『Camera Obscura After All: The Racist Writing with Light』, The Message is Murder: Substrates of Computational Capital (London: Pluto Press, 2018), 99-114.

Further Reading

Martin Heidegger, 'The Question Concerning Technology', The Question Concerning Technology and Other Essays, William Lovitt, trans. (New York: Harper Perennial, 1977), 3-35.

Stanley Cavell, The World Viewed. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press, 1979), pp. 10-25; 118-133.

Laura Mulvey, 『The Index and the Uncanny: Life and Death in the Photograph』, Death 24x a Second: Stillness and the Moving Image (Reaktion: London, 2006), 54-66.

Jean-Luc Nancy, "The image--the Distinct.」 In Nancy, Jean-Luc. The Ground of the Image. Jeff Fort, trans. (New York: Fordham University Press, 2005), pp. 1-14.

Alessandra Raengo, On the Sleeve of the Visual: Race as Face Value (Dartmouth, NH: University Press of New England, 2013), pp. 21-51.

Phil Rosen, Change Mummified: Cinema, Historicity, Theory (Minneapolis and London: University of Minnesota Press, 2001).

Screening

Electrocuting an Elephant (Edison, 1903)

How It Feels to Be Run Over (Hepworth, 1900)

Mothlight (Stan Brakhage,1963)

Blow Job (Andy Warhol, 1963)

Dyketactics (Barbara Hammer, 1974)

The Girl Chewing Gum (John Smith, 1976)

John David Rhodes

Reading

Immanuel Kant, The Critique of the power of judgment, Paul Guyer and Eric Matthews, trans. (Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 2000 [1790]), pp. 89-127; 182-187.

Gilles Deleuze, 'Having an Idea in Cinema', G. Deleuze & F. Guattari, New Mappings in Politics, Philosophy and Culture, Eleanor Kaufman and Kevin Jon Heller, eds. (Minneapolis and London: University of Minnesota Press, 1994), pp. 14-19.

Pier Paolo Pasolini, 「The 『Cinema of Poetry』」, in Heretical Empiricism, Louise K. Barnett, ed., Ben Lawton and Louise K. Barnett, trans. (Bloomington and Indianapolis: Indiana University Press, 1988), pp. 167-186.

Further Reading

Jacques Rancière, The Politics of Aesthetics, Gabriel Rockhill, trans. (London: Continuum, 2004), pp. 12-34 and 42-45.

Jacques Rancière, 'What Aesthetics Can Mean', From an Aesthetic Point of View: Philosophy, Art and the Sciences, Peter Osborne, ed. (London: Serpent's Tail, 2000), 13-33.

Douglas Burnham, An Introduction to Kant's Critique of Judgement (Edinburgh University Press, 2000)

Fiona Hughes, Kant's Critique of Aesthetic Judgement: A Reader's Guide (London: Continuum, 2010).

Scott Durham, 『「The Center of the World is Everywhere": Bamako and the Scene of the Political』 World Picture 2 (Autumn 2008). http://www.worldpicturejournal.com/WP_2/Durham.html

Screening

Bamako (Abderrahmane Sissako, 2006)

John David Rhodes

Reading

G.W.F. Hegel, Aesthetics: Lectures on Fine Art, Vol. I T.M. Knox, trans. (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1975 [1835]), pp. 1-55.

Karl Marx, Capital, Vol. I, Ben Fowkes, trans. (London: Penguin 1990), Chapter 7, Part 1 'The Labour Process', pp. 283-292.

Maya Deren, An Anagram of Ideas on Art, Form, and Film, in Essential Deren, Bruce R. McPherson, ed. (Kingston, NY: Documentext, 2005), pp. 35-109.

Further Reading

Erwin Panofksy, Perspective as Symbolic Form, Christopher S. Wood, trans. (New York: Zone Books, 1997).

Peter Bürger, Theory of the Avant-Garde, Michael Shaw, trans. (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1984), pp. 55-82.

David Bordwell, Narration in the Fiction Film (Madison, WI: University of Wisconsin Press, 1985), pp. 3-47; 48-62.

Bernard Siegert, 『Doors: On the Materiality of the Symbolic』, John Durhan Peters, trans. Grey Room 47 (Spring 2012), pp. 6-23.

Lorenz Engell, 『Ontogenetic machinery』, Radical Philosophy 169 (September-October 2011), pp. 10-12.

Screening

Ritual in Transfigured Time (Maya Deren, 1946)

Playtime (Jacques Tati, 1967)

John David Rhodes

Reading

Karl Marx, Capital, Vol. I, Ben Fowkes, trans. (London: Penguin 1990); Chapter 1, Section 4, 'The Fetishism of the Commodity and its Secret', pp. 163-177.

Sigmund Freud, 'Fetishism' (1927), The Complete Psychological Works of Sigmund Freud, Vol. XXI, James Strachey, trans. (London: Hogarth and the Institute of Psychoanalysis, 1950), pp. 147-157.

Laura Mulvey, 'Visual Pleasure and Narrative Cinema', Screen 16:3 (Autumn 1975), pp. 6-18.

bell hooks, 'The Oppositional Gaze: Black Female Spectators'. In Black Looks: Race and Representation (Boston: South End Press, 1992), pp. 115-152.

Nicholas Mirzoeff, The Right to Look: A Counterhistory of Visuality (Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2011), 1-34.

Further Reading

Theodor Adorno and Max Horkheimer, 'The Culture Industry: Enlightenment as Mass Deception', in Dialectic of Enlightenment, John Cumming, trans. (London: Verso, 1997 [1944]), pp. 120-167.

Jean-Louis Baudry, 'Ideological Effects of the Basic Cinematographic Apparatus', trans. Alan Williams, Film Quarterly, 28.2 (Winter 1974-5), pp. 39-47.

Jean-Louis Baudry, 'The Apparatus: Metapsychological Approaches to the Impression of Reality in Cinema', Camera Obscura 1 (Fall 1976), pp. 104-128.

Jonathan Beller, The Cinematic Mode of Production: Attention Economy and the Society of the Spectacle (Dartmouth College Press, 2006), pp. 1-33.

Christian Metz, Psychoanalysis and Cinema: The Imaginary Signifier. Celia Britton, trans. (Basingstoke: Macmillan, 1982).

Fred Camper, 『The Films of Douglas Sirk』, Screen (Summer 1971), pp. 44-62.

Paul Willemen, 『Distanciation and Douglas Sirk』, Screen 12 (Summer 1971), pp. 63-67.

Paul Willemen, 『Towards and an Analysis of the Sirkian System』 Screen 13 (Winter 1972), pp. 128-134.

Screening

Imitation of Life (Douglas Sirk, 1959)

Quality Control (Kevin Jerome Everson, 2011)

Laura McMahon

Reading

Gilles Deleuze, Cinema 2: The Time-Image, translated by Hugh Tomlinson and Robert Galeta (London and New York: Continuum, 2005) - Preface, Translators』 Introduction and Chapter 1.

Elena del Río, 『Performing the narrative of seduction: Claire Denis』 Beau Travail (Good Work, 1999)』, Kinoeye, 3:7 (2003), https://www.kinoeye.org/03/07/delrio07.php

Further reading

Martine Beugnet, Claire Denis (Manchester: Manchester University Press, 2004); Cinema and Sensation: French Film and the Art of Transgression (Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2007)

Claire Colebrook, Gilles Deleuze (London: Routledge, 2002).

Mary Ann Doane, The Emergence of Cinematic Time: Modernity, Contingency, the Archive (Cambridge, MA.: Harvard University Press, 2002), pp. 1-32.

Douglas Morrey, ed., 『Special Issue: Claire Denis and Jean-Luc Nancy』, Film-Philosophy, 12.1 (2008)

Laura Mulvey, 'Passing Time', in Death 24x a Second: Stillness and the Moving Image (London: Reaktion, 2006), pp. 17-32.

Jean-Luc Nancy, 『A-religion』, Journal of European Studies, 34:1/2 (2004), 14-18.

Elena del Río, Deleuze and the Cinemas of Performance: Powers of Affection (Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2008)

David Rodowick, Gilles Deleuze’s Time Machine (Durham: Duke University Press, 1997).

Screening

Beau Travail (Claire Denis, 1999)

Emma Widdis ([email protected])

Reading

Viktor Shklovskii, 'Art as Device', (1919), in Theory of Prose, trans. and ed. Benjamin Sher (Illinois: Dalkey Archive Press, 1990), pp. 1-15.

Dziga Vertov, 'The Cine-Eyes. A Revolution', (1923), in Richard Taylor and Ian Christie, eds., The Film Factory: Russian and Soviet Cinema in Documents (London: Routledge, 1994), pp. 89-94.

Sergei Eisenstein, 'The Problem of a Materialist Approach to Form' (1925), in Richard Taylor, ed., S. M. Eisenstein: Selected Writings 1922-34, Selected Works, Vol.1 (London: BFI, 1998), pp. 59-64.

Béla Bálazs, Béla Bálazs: Early Film Theory, Erica Carter, ed.; Rodney Livingstone, trans. (Oxford: Berghahn, 2010), pp. 1-15; 40-45. See also Erica Carter, 'Introduction,' pp. xxiv-xxv.

Walter Benjamin, 'The Work of Art in the Age of Mechanical Reproduction', in Illuminations, Hannah Arendt, ed.; Harry Zohn, trans. (New York: Schocken, 1969), pp. 217-251.

Miriam Hansen, 'The Mass Production of the Senses: Classical Cinema as Vernacular Modernism', Modernism/Modernity 6:2 (April 1999), pp. 59-77.

Malcolm Turvey, 'Balázs: Realist or Modernist?', October 115 (2006), pp. 77-87.

Screening

Man with a Movie Camera (Dziga Vertov,1929)

Further screening

Film Eye (Dziga Vertov, 1924)

Three Songs of Lenin (Dziga Vertov, 1934)

The New World (Terence Malick, 2005)

John David Rhodes

Reading

Frank Wilderson, Red, White, Black: Cinema and the Structure of U.S. Antagonisms (Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2009), pp. 1-32.

Lee Edelman, No Future: Queer Theory and the Death Drive (Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2004), pp. 1-31.

Hito Steyerl, 'In Defense of the Poor Image', in The Wretched of the Screen (Berlin: Sternberg Press, 2012), pp. 31-45.

Further reading

Saskia Sassen, Expulsions: Brutality and Complexity in the Global Economy (Cambridge, MA: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 2014).

Colin Dayan, The Law is a White Dog: how legal rituals make and unmake persons (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2011)

Judith Butler, Bodies That Matter: On the Discursive Limits of Sex (Routledge: 1993), pp. 121-140.

bell hooks, 『Is Paris Burning?』. In Black Looks: Race and Representation, (Boston: South End Press, 1992) , pp. 145-156.

Eva Cherniavsky, Incorporations: Race, Nation, and the Body Politics of Capital (Minneapolis; London: University of Minnesota Press, 2006), pp. 71-99.

Meg Wesling, 『Queer Value』, glq: A Journal of Lesbian and Gay Studies, 18:1 (2012), pp. 107-125.

Susan Sontag, 『Notes on Camp』. In Against Interpretation (New York: Dell Publishing, 1966), pp. 275-292.

Silvia Federici, Revolution at Point Zero: Housework, Reproduction, and Feminist Struggle (Oakland, CA; Brooklyn, NY: PM Press; Autonomedia, 2012).

Alyson Nadia Field, Jan-Christopher Horak, and Jacqueline Najuma Stewart, L.A. Rebellion: Creating a New Black Cinema (Oakland: University of California Press, 2015).

Cheryl Harris, 'Whiteness as Property', Harvard Law Review 106:8 (June 1993), pp. 1707-91.

Screening

Several Friends (Charles Burnett, 1969)

Sodom (Luther Price, 1989)

Atlantiques (Mati Diop, 2009)

Formation (Beyoncé Knowles, Melina Matsoukas, 2016)

Further Screening

Paris is Burning (Jenny Livingston, 1990)

Mariposas en el Andamio (Butterflies on the Scaffold, Margaret Gilpin and Luis Felipe Bernaza; 1996)

Daughters of the Dust (Julie Dash, 1991)

8. Post-

John David Rhodes and Laura McMahon

Reading

Fredric Jameson, Postmodernism, Or the Cultural Logic of Late Capitalism (Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 1991), pp. 1-54.

Steven Shaviro, Post Cinematic Affect (London: Zero Books, 2010), pp. 11-34.

Rosi Braidotti, 『Introduction』, The Posthuman (Cambridge: Polity Press, 2013), pp. 1-12

Screening

Tropical Malady (Apichatpong Weerasethakul, 2004)

Corporate Cannibal (Grace Jones [performer] and Nick Hooker [director], 2008)

Further reading

Donna J. Haraway, When Species Meet (Minneapolis and London: University of Minnesota Press, 2007)

Cary Wolfe,What is Posthumanism? (Minneapolis and London: University of Minnesota Press, 2010), pp. xi-xxxiv.

This seminar will examine early cinema, considering especially how the novelty displayed what Tom Gunning calls an 『aesthetic of attractions』. The seminar will be divided into two parts: first we will explore questions of time and space in early films, as well as their links with wider contemporary cultures of display and entertainment, with scientific advances and technology and how these were part of the invention of modern life. We will also consider how the aesthetics of attraction, rather than disappear, is manifested in contemporary cinema, from the avant-garde to new digital movies. In the second part, the seminar will crucially consider what the very concept of early cinema itself raises about technologies of the body and gender. Specifically, we will consider the body and role of women in early cinema, including as spectators, and how this intersects with questions of time and space in early films and also raises further questions regarding ways of looking and early forms of spectatorship. We will end by considering how questions of gender are implicated in the development of narrative films.

Screening

Early Cinema: Primitives and Pioneers (BFI) – students to watch independently

Early films to be discussed in the seminar (these are all available on youtube):

The Corbert Fitzsimmons Fight (Enoch Rector, 1897)

Man with India Rubber Head (Melies, 1901)

The Big Swallow(James Williamson, 1901)

Sprinkler Sprinkled (Lumiere, 1895)

The Kiss (William Heise, 1896)

The Gay Shoe Clerk (Edwin Porter, 1903)

The Teddy Bears (Edwin Porter, 1907)

Grandma’s Reading Glass (George Albert Smith, 1900)

The X-rays (George Albert Smith, 1896)

Mary Jane’s Mishap (George Albert Smith, 1903)

The Lonely Villa (Griffiths, 1909)

Reading

Balides, C. (1993). Scenarios of exposure in the practice of everyday life: Women in the cinema of attractions. Screen, Xxxiv(1), 19-37.

Bruno, G., & American Council of Learned Societies. (1993). Streetwalking on a ruined map [electronic resource] : Cultural theory and the city films of Elvira Notari / Giuliana Bruno. (ACLS Humanities E-Book). Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press. 3-8; 58-79; 255-309.

Cartwright, L. (1995). Screening the body : Tracing medicine's visual culture / Lisa Cartwright.Minneapolis, Minn. ; London: University of Minnesota Press. 1-17.

Charney, L., Schwartz, V., & American Council of Learned Societies. (1995). Cinema and the invention of modern life / edited by Leo Charney, Vanessa R. Schwartz. Berkeley: University of California Press. 1-15.

Tom Gunning, '"Now you See It, Now You Don't": The Temporality of the Cinema of Attractions, 'pp. 41-50.

Tom Gunning, 'The Cinema of Attractions: Early Film, its Spectator and the Avant-Garde', in Early Cinema: Space, Frame, Narrative, ed. Thomas Elsaesser (London: BFI Publishing, 1990), pp. 56-65.

Further Reading:

Auerbach, J., & American Council of Learned Societies. (2007). Body shots: Early cinema's incarnations / Jonathan Auerbach. Berkeley: University of California Press. Introduction.

Bean, J., & Negra, D. (2009). A feminist reader in early cinema/ edited by Jennifer M. Bean and Diane Negra. Durham: Duke University Press. 1-29.

Miriam Hansen, Babel and Babylon: Spectatorship in American Silent Film (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1991).

Colin Harding and Simon Popple, 'Early responses to cinema', in In the Kingdom of Shadows: a Companion to Early Cinema (London; Madison, NJ: Cygnus Arts; Fairleigh Dickinson University Press, 1996), pp. 5-17.

Natale, S., Lefebvre, M., Gervais, B., Straw, W., & Vaillancourt, D. (2011). The Cinema of Exposure: Spiritualist Exposés, Technology, and the Dispositif of Early Cinema. Recherches Sémiotiques, 31(1-2-3), 113-129.

This seminar will explore Media Archaeology, understood as a theoretical intervention into media history and as a methodology for undertaking research into contemporary techno-cultural forms and practices. Media archaeology has taken a distinct form in film studies, notably via the work of Thomas Elsaesser. But it has also developed in expansive ways in associated fields, becoming increasingly influential in software studies, critical medium theory, and code studies. This session explores the claims of media archaeology through a consideration of Kittler as a representative of early German medium theory, through an engagement with contemporary media archaeology drawing on Wolfgang Ernst and Jussi Parikka’s definitional work, and by exploring intersections between media archaeological approaches and critical digital and code studies (via the work of Wendy Chun). Finally, we will consider what these medium specific approaches enable – and what they foreclose on. Does the focus on the materiality of media systems and the claim to provide a form of post-ideological analysis found in some of this work mean matters of race, class, and gender bias, are systematically excluded from consideration?

Reading

Wolfgang Ernst, Digital Memory and the Archive, Jussi Parikka, ed. (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 2013). Read: 『Introduction』 (by Jussi Parikka) and Chapter 5, 『Between Real Time and Memory on Demand』

Kittler Friedrich, 『Thinking Colours and/or Machines』, Theory, Culture & Society, Vol 23 (7-8): 39 – 50 (2006).

Thomas Elsaesser, 『Media Archaeology as Symptom』, New Review of Film and Television Studies, Vol 14, 2016, issue 2.

Wendy Hui Kyong Chun, 『On Sourcery or Code as Fetish』, Configurations, Volume 16, Number 3, Fall, (2008), pp. 299-324.

Objects

Please explore any or all of the below (via YouTube etc):

The Clock (Christian Marclay, installation, 2010)

(e.g. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EQ_wKD6XQTM)

24 Hour Psycho (Douglas Gordon, 1993)

The Clock of the Long Now (project) (http://longnow.org/clock/)

Powers of Ten (Charles and Ray Eames, 1977)

Further Reading

Caroline Bassett, 『Not now?: Feminism, Technology, Post-digital』, in Berry and Dieter (eds), Postdigital Aesthetics: Art, Computation and Design (London: Macmillan, 2015).

Caroline Bassett, 『After Images of Cinema: Kittler and the Mobile Screen』, chapter in Kittler Now: Current Perspectives in Kittler Studies. Eds. Stephen Sale and Laura Salisbury (London: Polity, 2015).

Walter Benjamin, 『On the Concept of History』, in Selected Writings, 4: 1938-1940 (London: Harvard UP, 2006) (also found in Illuminations [London, Fontana, 1992]).

Wendy Hui Kyong Chun, 『Programmability』, in Matt Fuller (ed), Software Studies: A Lexicon (London: MIT, 2008), pp.224-228.

Thomas Elsaesser, Film History as Media Archaeology (Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, 2017).

Martin Eve, Close Reading with Computers (London: Stanford UP, 2019).

Michel Foucault, The Archaeology of Knowledge (London: Routledge, 1972).

Alex Galloway and Thacker Eugene, The Exploit: A Theory of Networks (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 2007).

Lisa Gitelman, Always Already New: Media, History and the Data of Culture (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2007).

Mark Goodall and Ben Roberts,eds., New Media Archaeologies (London: Amsterdam University Press 2019).

Erkki Huhtamo, Illusions in Motion: Media Archaeology of the Moving Panorama and Related Spectacles (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2013).

Jussi Parikka, What is Media Archaeology? (London: Polity Press, 2012).

Kara Keeling, 『Queer OS』, Cinema Journal, Volume 53, No 2, Winter (2014), pp 152-157.

Friedrich Kittler, 『Code (or, How You Can Write Something Differently)』, in Matt Fuller (ed), Software Studies: A Lexicon (London: MIT, 2008).

Friedrich Kittler, Literature, Media, Information Systems (London: Routledge, 1997).

Rita Raley, Tactical Media (London: Minnesota UP, 2009).

Siegfried Zielinksi, The Deep Time of the Media (London: MIT Press, 2008).

This seminar will explore filmmaking as a tool of political revolution and liberation in colonial and neocolonial contexts. We will focus primarily on two major films of the 1960s: Pontecorvo’s The Battle of Algiers (Italy-Algeria, 1966) and Solanas and Getino’s The Hour of the Furnaces (Argentina, 1968), widely considered to be the best example of 『Third Cinema』, a movement that emerged in Latin America as a political and aesthetic response to neocolonialism. Drawing on the work of postcolonial thinkers such as Aimé Césaire and Frantz Fanon, we will examine the extent to which these directors succeed in producing a 『cinema of decolonization』. Their strategies will be compared with very different ones employed in other key political films of the 1960s, by Jorge Sanjinés (Bolivia) and Glauber Rocha (Brazil), among others. These films continue to incite controversy in our own time for their depiction of political violence and its role in revolution, and/or for their representation of indigenous culture and subjectivity. In the final part of the seminar, we will trace the relationship between these theories and practices, arising in the 1960s, with more contemporary decolonial thought emerging from /on Latin America, and with more recent productions such as Estrellas/Stars (Argentina, 2007).

Reading

Fernando Solanas and Octavio Getino, 『Towards a Third Cinema: Notes and Experiences for the Development of a Cinema of Liberation in the Third World』, in Michael T. Martin, ed., New Latin American Cinema [Vol. One: Theory, Practices and Transcontinental Articulations] (Detroit: Wayne State University Press, 1997), pp. 33-58. Please bring a copy of this essay to the seminar with you (in print or on screen).

Robert Stam, 『The Hour of the Furnaces and the Two Avant-Gardes』, in Julianne Burton, ed., The Social Documentary in Latin America (Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press, 1990), pp. 251-66

Nicholas Harrison, 『Pontecorvo’s 「Documentary」 Aesthetics』, in Interventions 9:3 (2007): 389-404. http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13698010701618638

Screening

The Battle of Algiers (Gillo Pontecorvo, Italy-Algeria, 1966)

La hora de los hornos/The Hour of the Furnaces (Fernando Solanas and Octavio Getino, Argentina, 1968) – Part I only (90 mins)

Further Reading

Nicholas Harrison, 『Yesterday’s Mujahiddin: Gillo Pontecorvo’s The Battle of Algiers (1966)』, in Rebecca Weaver-Hightower and Peter Hulme, eds, Postcolonial Film: History, Empire, Resistance (New York and London: Routledge, 2014), pp. 23-46

Patrick Harries, 『The Battle of Algiers: Between Fiction, Memory and History』, in Vivian Bickford-Smith and Richard Mendelsohn, eds, Black and White in Colour: African History on Screen (Oxford: James Curry and Athens, OH: Ohio University Press, 2007), pp. 203-222

David William Foster, Latin American Documentary Filmmaking: Major Works (Tucson: The University of Arizona Press, 2013) – chapter on La hora de los hornos

Jorge Sanjinés, 『Problems of Form and Content in Revolutionary Cinema』, in Michael T. Martin, ed., New Latin American Cinema [Vol. One: Theory, Practices and Transcontinental Articulations] (Detroit: Wayne State University Press, 1997), pp. 62-70

§ Frantz Fanon, 『On Violence』, in The Wretched of the Earth, trans. Richard Philcox. New York: Grove Press, 2004.

Aimé Césaire, Discourse on Colonialism, trans. Joan Pinkham (New York: Monthly Review Press, 1972)

Ranjana Khanna, 『The Battle of Algiers and The Nouba of the Women of Mont Chenoua: From Third to Fourth Cinema』 in Third Text, 12:43 (1998): 13-32. http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09528829808576731

Mike Wayne, chapter on 『Third Cinema as Critical Practice: A Case Study of The Battle of Algiers』, in Political Film: The Dialectics of Third Cinema (London: Pluto Press, 2001), pp. 5-24

David M. J. Wood, 『Indigenismo and the Avant-garde: Jorge Sanjinés』 Early Films and the National Project』, in Bulletin of Latin American Research, vol. 25, no. 1 (2006): 63-82. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.0261-3050.2006.00153.x/full

Jonathan Buchsbaum, 『A Closer Look at Third Cinema』, in Historical Journal of Film, Radio and Television, 21:2 (2001): 153-66. http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/01439680120051497

Ella Shohat and Robert Stam, Unthinking Eurocentrism: Multiculturalism and the Media (London and New York: Routledge, 1994), especially pp. 248-91.

This seminar provides an introduction to the Hollywood studio system of the early sound era and the importance of stardom within it. It focuses on Greta Garbo, one of the few actors who made a successful transition from silent films to talkies, and on Grand Hotel (MGM, 1932), a film which exploits Garbo’s earlier star persona (in particular her much quoted desire to 『be alone』). We』ll explore Grand Hotel as a multi-star vehicle, fulfilling MGM’s promise to provide 『more stars than there are in heaven』. In particular, we』ll consider how Garbo’s star persona contrasts with that of Joan Crawford, and how the hotel setting works to bring them together. We』ll look at the relationship between star personae and characterisation - how, for example, might a star’s interaction with space and particular objects work? - and consider how acting styles evolved from the silent to the sound era. We will also briefly discuss the impact of Hollywood’s Production Code (which came after Grand Hotel was made), the role of fashion and make-up in the making and selling of stars, and the importance of fan magazines (and particular communities of fans). Finally, we』ll investigate the elusive notions of 『aura』 and 『charisma』.

Screening

Grand Hotel (Edmund Goulding, MGM, 1932)

Reading

In Leo Braudy and Marshall Cohen (eds) Film Theory and Criticism: Introductory Readings, 8th edition (2016)：

（1）Roland Barthes, 『The Face of Garbo』

（2）John Ellis, 『Stars as a Visible Phenomenon』

（3）Robert C. Allen, 『The Role of the Star in Film History』 (Joan Crawford)

Siegfried Kracauer, 『The Hotel Lobby』, in Thomas Y Levin (ed and trans), The Mass Ornament: Weimar Essays (1995)

David Trotter, Literature in the First Media Age (Harvard UP, 2013)

Brian Gallagher, 『「Greta Garbo is Sad」』: Some Historical Reflections on the Paradoxes of Stardom in the American Film Industry, 1910-1960』, Images, 3.7 (1997): http://www.imagesjournal.com/issue03/infocus.htm

Further Screening (or at least watch the trailers)

Silent Garbo: Flesh and the Devil (1926); The Mysterious Lady (1928); A Woman of Affairs (1928)

Garbo talks: Anna Christie (1930); Mata Hari (1932); Queen Christina (1933)

Garbo laughs: Ninotchka (1939)

Joan Crawford pre-Code: Possessed (1931), and then look at her later incarnations eg. in Mildred Pierce (1945); Johnny Guitar (1954)

European hotels: F.W. Murnau, Der Letze Mann (The Last Laugh, 1924)

Stardom: A Star is Born (1937) and as many of the later versions as you like.

Further Reading

Charles Affron, Star Acting: Gish, Garbo, Davis (1977)

Tino Balio, Grand Design: Hollywood as a Modern Business Enterprise (1993), ch.6 『Selling Stars』

Jeanine Basinger, The Star Machine (2007)

Matthew Bernstein, Controlling Hollywood: Censorship and Regulation in the Studio Era (1999)

Sarah Berry, Screen Style: Fashion and Femininity in 1930s Hollywood

Gregory Black, Hollywood Censored: Morality Codes, Catholics, and the Movies (1994)

David Bordwell, Janet Staiger and Kristen Thompson, The Classical Hollywood Cinema (1985)

Richard Brody, 「The Essence of Stardom」, The New Yorker, July 25, 2014: https://www.newyorker.com/culture/cultural-comment/essence-stardom

Richard de Cordova, Picture Personalities: The Emergence of the Star System in America (1990)

Donald Crafton, The Talkies: American Cinema’s Transition to Sound 1926-1931 (1997)

H.D., "The Cinema and the Classics: Beauty," Close Up, 1 (July 1927), in Close Up, 1927-1933: Cinema and Modernism, ed. James Donald, Anne Friedberg, and Laura Marcus (1998)

David Dessler and Garth S. Jowett (eds), Hollywood Goes Shopping (2000)

Richard Dyer, Stars (1979)

Richard Dyer, Heavenly Bodies (1987)

Charles Eckert, 『The Carole Lombard in Macy’s Window』 in John Belton (ed), Movies and Mass Culture (1996), 95-118

Scott Eyman, The Speed of Sound: Hollywood and the Talkie Revolution (1997)

Lucy Fischer, 『Greta Garbo and Silent Cinema: The Actress as Art Deco Icon』, Camera Obscura, 16.3 (2001), 83-111

Lucy Fischer and Marcia Landy (eds), Stars (2004)

Kathryn H. Fuller, At the Picture Show: Small-Town Audiences and the Creation of Movie Fan Culture (1996)

Jane Gaines, 『The Queen Christina Tie-Ups: Convergence of Show Window and Screen』, Quarterly Review of Film and Video (1989), 11.1, 35-60.

Barbara Gelman, Photoplay Treasury (1972)

Christine Geraghty, 『Re-examining Stardom』, in Reinventing Film Studies, eds. Christine Gledhill and Linda Williams (2000).

Christine Gledhill (ed), Stardom (1991)

Mark Goble, 『Cameo Appearances; or, When Gertrude Stein Checks into Grand Hotel』

Modern Language Quarterly, 62, no. 2 (June 2001), 117-163

Howard Gutner, Gowns by Adrian: The MGM Years 1928-1941

James Harvey, Watching Them Be: Star Presence on the Screen from Garbo to Balthazar (2014)

Richard B. Jewell, The Golden Age of Cinema: Hollywood 1929-1945 (2007)

Marc Katz, 『The Hotel Kracauer』, differences: A Journal of Feminist Cultural Studies 11,

Matthew Kennedy, Edmund Goulding: Hollywood’s Genius Bad Boy (2004)

Barry King, 『Stardom as Occupation』, in Paul Kerr (ed), The Hollywood Film Industry (1986)

Siegfried Kracauer, Theory of Film: The Redemption of Physical Reality (1960)

Michaela Krützen, The Most Beautiful Woman on the Screen: Greta Garbo: The Fabrication of the Star Greta Garbo (1992)

Arne Lund, 「『Garbo Talks!』: Scandinavians in Hollywood, the Talkie Revolution, and the Crisis of Foreign Voice,」 in Screen Culture: History and Textuality, ed. John Fullerton (2004), 21-39

Paul McDonald, The Star System (2001)

Peter Matthews, 『Garbo and Phallic Motherhood: A 「Homosexual」 Visual Economy』, Screen 29.3 (1988): 14-42.

James Naremore, Acting in the Cinema (1992)

Robert B. Ray, The ABCs of Classic Hollywood (2008)

Vito Russo, The Celluloid Closet (1981)

Thomas Schatz, The Genius of the System: Hollywood Filming in the Studio Era (1988)

Martin Shingler, Star Studies: A Critical Guide

Jackie Stacey, Star Gazing: Hollywood Cinema and Female Spectatorship (1994)

Janet Staiger (ed), The Studio System (1995)

Melissa Szaloky, 『「As You Desire Me」': Reading 「The Divine Garbo」 through Movement, Silence and the Sublime』, Film History, 18:2 (2006), 196-208

David Trotter, Literature in the First Media Age (2013)

Patricia White, 『Black and White: Mercedes de Acosta’s Glorious Enthusiasms』, Camera Obscura 15.3 (2000) 227-264

Many of the fan magazines can be found at the Media History Digital Library: http://mediahistoryproject.org/fanmagazines/

This seminar will explore the aesthetic strategies employed by filmmakers in three films whose protagonists have genders different from those assigned to them at birth: Tangerine (2015), Boys Don’t Cry (1999) and XXY (2008). The films studied in this seminar may fall under the category of 『queer cinema』; they are interested in both gender identity (location of the self as a gendered subject) and its intersections with sexual identity (location of desire). This seminar will ask students to refer to key theories on gender and sexuality in their close readings of the films. We will ask: what kind of a spectatorial 『gaze』 and pleasure is produced when we watch trans bodies on screens? What kinds of visual language and expression are employed, e.g. what role does colour play in the images of trans women of colour in Tangerine? Is it possible to identify a queer or trans temporality in the films?

Priority Screening

Boys Don’t Cry (Kimberly Peirce, 1999) Content warning: please note that some of the films discussed in this seminar depict sexual violence.

Further Screenings

Tangerine (Sean Baker, 2015)

XXY (Lucía Puenzo, 2007)

Reading (theory)

Jack Halberstam, 『Trans* - Gender Transitivity and New Configurations of Body, History, Memory and Kinship』, Parallax 22:3 (July 2016), 366–375 https://doi.org/10.1080/13534645.2016.1201925

Eve Kosofsky Sedgwick, 『Queer and Now』, in Tendencies (London: Routledge, 1994), pp. 1-20

Judith Butler, 『Critically Queer』, GLQ (1993) 1 (1): 17-32

Jay Prosser, 『Judith Butler: Queer Feminism, Transgender, and the Transubstantiation of Sex』, Section: 『Queer gender and performativity』 (pp. 36-40), in Donald E. Hall and Annamarie Jagose (eds), The Routledge Queer Studies Reader (New York: Routledge, 2013)

Gayle Salamon, Assuming a Body: Transgender and Rhetorics of Materiality (New York: Columbia University Press, 2010), Chapter 3: 『Boys of the Lex: Transgender and Social Construction』 pp. 69-94

micha cárdenas, 『Shifting Futures: Digital Trans of Color Praxis』, Section 2: 『Passing』 [http://scalar.usc.edu/works/shifting-futures-micha-cardenas/index]

Reading (case studies)

On Boys Don’t Cry:

Judith Halberstam, In a Queer Time and Place: Transgender Bodies, Subcultural Lives (New York: New York University Press, 2005): Chapter 4: 『The Transgender Look』, pp. 76-96

On Tangerine：

Edward Lawrenson, 『City of Fallen Angels』, Sight and Sound 25:12 (Dec 2015), 36–38

Further reading

Butler, Judith, Bodies That Matter: On the Discursive Limits of Sex (New York: Routledge, 1993)

Ford, Akkadia, 『Duration, Compression, Extension and Distortion of Time in Contemporary Transgender Cinema』, Somatechnics 9:1 (July 2019), 58–83

Olivera, Guillermo, 『The Violence of (In)Visibility: Queer Adolescence and Space in Lucia Puenzo's XXY』, Chasqui 46:2 (Nov 2017), 207–226

Halberstam, Jack, Trans* A Quick and Quirky Account of Gender Variability (Oakland CA: University of California Press, 2018)

Harding, Xavier, 『Keeping 『Insecure』 lit: HBO cinematographer Ava Berkofsky on properly lighting black faces』, September 2016 [https://www.mic.com/articles/184244/keeping-insecure-lit-hbo-cinematographer-ava-berkofsky-on-properly-lighting-black-faces]

Israeli-Nevo, Atalia, Taking (My) Time: Temporality in Transition, Queer Delays and Being (in the) Present, Somatechnics 7:1 (February 2017), 34–49

Rigney, Melissa, 『Brandon Goes to Hollywood: Boys Don't Cry and the Transgender Body in Film』, Film Criticism 28:2 (Winter 2003/2004), 4–23

Rosario, Vernon, section 『Intersex and gender identity』 (pp. 273-276) in 『The History of Aphallia and the Intersexual Challenge to Sex/Gender』, George E. Haggerty and Molly McGarry (eds), A Companion to Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, and Queer Studies (Oxford, UK: Blackwell, 2007)

Salamon, Gayle, Assuming a Body: Transgender and Rhetorics of Materiality (New York: Columbia University Press, 2010)

This seminar will examine the symbiosis between film and space, with a particular focus on the urban, taken as part of a broader problematic concerned with representations of space and spaces of representation (to use the terms coined by Lefebvre). We will look at theories of urban and global/geopolitical space, from David Harvey and Ed Soja to Fredric Jameson, and consider some key moments in which the mutual constitution of cinema and city is manifest, with a major film from the silent era, a 1950s film noir parody set in Mexico, and a key example of cyberpunk from the 1980s.

Screening

§ Metropolis (dir. Fritz Lang, 1926 – try to watch the version restored from footage found in Buenos Aires in 2008, dated 2010)

The Criminal Life of Archibaldo de la Cruz (dir. Luis Buñuel, 1955)

Blade Runner (dir. Ridley Scott, 1982/1992/2007 – watch the Final Cut version from 2007)

Reading

David Harvey, 「Time-space Compression and the Rise of Modernism as a Cultural Force」 and 「Time-space Compression and the Postmodern Condition」, The Condition of Postmodernity (Oxford: Blackwell, 1990), pp. 260-307

Edward W. Soja, 「Six Discourses on the Postmetropolis」, in Westwood and Williams, ed., Imagining Cities: Scripts, Signs, Memory (Routledge: London & New York, 1997) pp. 19-30.

Fredric Jameson, 「Totality as Conspiracy」, The Geopolitical Aesthetic: Cinema and Space in the World System (London: BFI, 1992), pp. 9-82.

Further Reading

Marc Augé, Non-Places: An Introduction to Supermodernity (London: Verso, 2008 [1992])

Certeau, Michel de, The Practice of Everyday Life (Berkeley & Los Ángeles: University of California Press, 1984)

Manuel Castells, 「The Space of Flows」, The Rise of the Network Society (Oxford: Blackwell, 1996)

David B. Clarke, ed., The Cinematic City (London: Routledge, 1997)

Derek Gregory, Geographical Imaginations (Oxford: Blackwell, 1994)

David Harvey, The Condition of Postmodernity (Oxford: Blackwell, 1990)

-------------------, Spaces of Capital: Towards a Critical Geography (Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2001)

-------------------, Spaces of Hope (Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2000)

Henri Lefebvre, The Production of Space (Oxford: Blackwell, 1991 [1974])

Christoph Lindner, ed., Globalization, Violence, and the Visual Culture of Cities (London: Routledge, 2009)

Doreen Massey, Space, Place and Gender (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1994)

-------------------, For Space (London: Sage, 2005)

Barbara Mennel, Cities and Cinema (London: Routledge, 2008)

Vincent Mosco, The Digital Sublime: Myth, Power, and Cyberspace (Cambridge MA: MIT, 2004)

Mark Shiel and Tony Fitzmaurice, eds., Cinema and the City: Film and Urban Societies in a Global Context (Oxford: Blackwell, 2001)

Neil Smith, Uneven Development: Nature, Capital and the Production of Space (Oxford: Blackwell, 1984)

Edward W. Soja, Postmodern Geographies: The Reassertion of Space in Critical Social Theory (London: Verso, 1989)

-------------------, Thirdspace: Journeys to Los Ángeles and Other Real-and-Imagined Places (Oxford: Blackwell, 1996)

-------------------, Postmetropolis: Critical Studies of Cities and Regions (Oxford: Blackwell, 2000) Barney Warf and Santa Arias, eds., The Spatial Turn: Interdisciplinary Perspectives (New York: Routledge, 2009)

Sophie Watson and Katherine Gibson, eds., Postmodern Cities and Spaces (Oxford: Blackwell, 1995)

This seminar will explore ways of approaching cinema’s relationship to and dependency on other forms of media, drawing upon examples of East Asian cinema as our main case studies (alongside a recent Spielberg blockbuster!). By employing theoretical terms such as adaptation, intermediality, remediation and transmedia storytelling, scholars aim to understand how different media relate to each other and, in both conscious and unconscious, explicit and implicit ways, draw upon pre-existing cultural forms in the process of aesthetic (re)creation and storytelling. Some of the questions we will come across in this seminar include: is there such a thing as 「pure」 cinema? What is meant by a supposedly medium-specific term such as 「visual media」 and does it hold up to scrutiny? What kinds of things should we pay attention to when considering the ways in which cinema adapts or remediates other media and cultural texts – and how, in particular, can we move beyond the longstanding obsession with fidelity? How does the concept of intermediality differ from that of intertextuality? How is cinema today, as in the past, situated within a broader network or 「mix」 of media forms and what are the social, philosophical, aesthetic and commercial considerations that underpin such a network? And, finally, how should all of this affect the way we study cinema and other forms of screen-based media now and in the future?

Reading (theory)

Bazin, André. 「Adaptation, or the Cinema as Digest.」 In J. Naremore (ed), Film Adaptation, New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press, 2000, pp.19-27

Bolter, Jay David and Grusin, Richard A. 「Introduction: The double logic of remediation.」 In J.D. Bolter and R.A. Grusin, Remediation: Understanding New Media, Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1999: 2-15

Jenkins, Henry. 「Transmedia Storytelling and Entertainment: An annotated syllabus,」 Continuum: Journal of Media and Cultural Studies 24:6 (2010), 943-958

Mitchell, W.J.T. 「There Are No Visual Media,」 Journal of Visual Culture 4:2 (2005), 257-266

Rajewsky, Irena O. 「Intermediality, Intertextuality, and Remediation: A Literary Perspective on Intermediality,」 Intermédialités no.6 (2005), 43-64

Rippl, Gabriele. 「Introduction.」 In G. Rippl (ed), Handbook of Intermediality: Literature – Image – Sound – Music, Berlin and Boston: De Gruyter, 2015, pp. 1-31

Readings (case studies)

Donald, Stephanie Hemelryk. 「Red Aesthetics, Intermediality and the Use of Posters in Chinese Cinema after 1949,」 Asian Studies Review 38:4 (2014), 658-675

Inwood, Heather. 「Screening the In-Between: Intermediality and Digital Dystopianism in Contemporary Chinese Film and Fiction,」 Concentric: Literary and Culture Studies 43:2 (2017), 193-219

Rojas, Carlos. 「Chapter 19: Viral Contagion in the Ringu Intertext.」 In D. Miyao (ed), The Oxford Handbook of Japanese Cinema, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2012, pp.416-437

Sell, Mike. 「A Professorial Review of Steven Spielberg’s Ready Player One.」 April 2018. URL: http://iblog.iup.edu/thisprofessorplays/2018/04/07/a-professorial-review-of-steven-spielbergs-ready-player-one/

Zeng, Li. 「Adaptation as an Open Process: Dahua Fandom and the Reception of A Chinese Odyssey,」 Adaptation 6:2 (2012), 187-201

Screening

Ringu (Hideo Nakata, 1998)

Mystery (Lou Ye, 2012)

Ready Player One (Steven Spielberg, 2017)

This seminar will explore the ways in which sound and music have been conceptualised and employed in cinema. Significant (and often mutually resistant) strands in the literature will be surveyed and analyzed with specific reference to Carol Reed's The Third Man (1949) and Yuri Norstein's Tale of Tales (1979), which all students should experience prior to the class.

Reading

On sound and music

Cohen, A. 'Film Music from the Perspective of Cognitive Science』. In D. Neumeyer (Ed.), The Oxford handbook of film music studies (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2014), pp. 96-130.

Kalinak, K.. Film music: a very short introduction (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2010).

On The Third Man

Drazin, C. In search of The Third Man (London: Methuen, 1999).

On The Tale of Tales

Kitson, C. Yuri Norstein and Tale of Tales: an Animator's Journey. (Bloomington and Indianapolis, IN: Indiana University Press, 2005).

Further reading

On sound and music

Boltz, M. G. 'The cognitive processing of film and musical soundtracks', Memory & Cognition, 32:7 (2004), 1194-1205.

Buhler, J., & Neumeyer, D. 'Music and the Ontology of the Sound Film: The Classical Hollywood System'. In D. Neumeyer (Ed.), The Oxford handbook of film music studies (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2014), pp. 17-43.

Cohen, A. 'Film Music from the Perspective of Cognitive Science』. In D. Neumeyer (Ed.), The Oxford handbook of film music studies (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2014), pp. 96-130.

Costabile, K. A., & Terman, A. W. 'Effects of Film Music on Psychological Transportation and Narrative Persuasion', Basic and Applied Social Psychology, 35:3 (2013), 316-324.

Hasson, U., Landesman, O., Knappmeyer, B., Vallines, I., Rubin, N., & Heeger, D. J. 'Neurocinematics: The Neuroscience of Film'. Projections, 2:1 (2008), 1-26.

Hoeckner, B., Wyatt, E. W., Decety, J., & Nusbaum, H. 'Film music influences how viewers relate to movie characters'. Psychology of Aesthetics, Creativity, and the Arts, 5:2 (2011), 146-153.

Kassabian, A. Hearing film: tracking identifications in contemporary Hollywood film music (London: Routledge, 2001).

Katz, M. B. Drawing the Iron Curtain: Jews and the Golden Age of Soviet Animation (New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 2016).

Tan, S.-L., Spackman, M. P., & Bezdek, M. A. 'Viewers' Interpretations of Film Characters' Emotions: Effects of Presenting Film Music Before or After a Character is Shown'. Music Perception, 25:2 (2007), 135-152.

Winters, B. 'The Non-diegetic Fallacy: Film, Music, and Narrative Space'. Music and Letters, 91:2 (2010), 224-244.

On The Third Man

Gomez, J. A. 'The Third Man: Capturing the visual essence of literary conception', Literature/Film Quarterly, 2:4 (1974), 332-340.

O』Connell, D. C., & Kowal, S. 'Laughter in the film "The Third Man"', Pragmatics, 16:2/3 (2006), 305-327.

Scholz, A.-M. '"Eine Revolution des Films": The Third Man (1949), The Cold War and Alternatives to Nationalism & Coca-colonization in Europe', Film & History: An Interdisciplinary Journal of Film and Television Studies 31:1 (2001) ,44-53.

Schwab, U. 'Authenticity and ethics in "The Third Man"', Literature/Film Quarterly, 28:1 (2000), 2-6.

Van Wert, W. F. 'Narrative structure in The Third Man', Literature/Film Quarterly, 2:4 (1974), 341-346.

On The Tale of Tales

Katz, M. B. Drawing the Iron Curtain: Jews and the Golden Age of Soviet Animation (New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 2016).

Landesman, O., & Bendor, R. 'Animated Recollection and Spectatorial Experience in Waltz with Bashir', Animation, 6:3 (2011), 353-370.

MacFadyen, D. '"Skazka skazok"/"Tale of Tales"'. In S. Bodrov & B. Beumers, eds., The cinema of Russia and the former Soviet Union (London: Wallflower Press, 2007), pp. 183-192.

Moritz, W. 'Narrative Strategies for Resistance and Protest in Eastern European Animation'. In J. Pilling, ed., A Reader in Animation Studies (New Barnet: John Libbey Publishing, 1997), pp. 38-47.

Wells, P. Understanding animation. (London: Routledge, 1998).

Screening

The Third Man (Carol Reed, 1949)

Tale of Tales (Yuri Norstein, 1979)