川普籤署新旅遊禁令（川普旅遊禁令）

2023-06-19 12:51:43

原文標題：Trump’s Travel Bans: Harvesting personal data and requiem for the EU-US Privacy Shield

中文摘要：歐洲政策研究中心（比利時）專家Elspeth Guild在《川普旅遊禁令：獲取個人數據及〈歐美隱私盾牌〉的終結》一文中表示，本文研究了近期美國總統川普頒布的旅遊禁令的意義和挑戰。文中指出此舉的主要隱秘動機之一是獲得全球個人數據，包括歐盟市民的數據，從而使美國處於優越地位。本文分析了允許美國進一步接入和處理歐盟市民原始通信的相關行政令和立法發展，並指出此舉使《歐美隱私盾牌》協定的可持續性以及歐盟隱私權面臨深度壓力。作者呼籲針對基本權利保證與合作方面開展更多外交活動，增強民主法治元素，以此作為治癒當前這些行政令產生的不信任和法律不確定性的最有效方式。近期的發展形勢要求歐洲委員會採取果斷立場，擱置《歐美隱私盾牌》協定，因為這是確保歐盟的公司、市民和當局法律穩定性的唯一方式。這將向美國釋放出清晰的信號，美國需要考慮其行政令對歐盟和成員國數據保護法律體系造成的法律衝突挑戰。（編譯：史春姣）

原文：

Trump’s Travel Bans Harvesting personal data and requiem for the EU-US Privacy Shield

This Policy Insight examines the main implications and challenges of the recent Executive Orders or 『travel bans』 issued by US President Donald Trump. It argues that one of the key ulterior motives behind these orders is to manoeuvre the US into an advantageous position for harvesting personal data on individuals from around the world, including EU citizens and residents. The paper analyses these orders and other recent US legislative developments that allow for greater access and processing of raw communications of EU citizens, and argues that they put the sustainability of the EU-US Privacy Shield and the EU right to privacy under profound strain. The authors call for more diplomacy and democratic rule of law with fundamental rights guarantees and cooperation, as the most effective antidote to the pervasive mistrust and legal uncertainty engendered by these Executive Orders. In any case these developments call for the European Commission to take an assertive position and suspend the EU-US Privacy Shield, as this is the only way to ensure legal certainty for companies, citizens and authorities in the EU. This would also send a clear signal to the US about the absolute need to take into account the conflicts of law challenges that these orders pose for the EU and member states' data protection legal systems. The paper also recommends re-designing and strengthening the current EU-US Transatlantic Legislators Dialogue between the European Parliament and its US counterparts to better allow for a closer consultation on relevant US and EU policies with deep repercussions on transatlantic relations and citizens across the board.

Elspeth Guild is Associate Senior Research Fellow at CEPS. Didier Bigo is Director of the Centre d』Etudes sur les Conflits, Liberté et Sécurité (CCLS) and Professor at Sciences-Po Paris and King’s College London. Sergio Carrera is Senior Research Fellow and Head of Justice and Home Affairs Programme, CEPS. This paper was prepared in the context of the SOURCE Network of Excellence, which is financed by the European Union FP7 programme with the aim of creating a robust and sustainable virtual centre of excellence capable of exploring and advancing societal issues in security research and development.