b站英語零基礎（我在B站學英語語法）

2023-09-10 11:11:29 2

話不多說，咱入正題。滿滿的乾貨呦～

首先呢，我們之前說過謂語動詞，謂語動詞是受主語限制，展現出時間，狀態和語氣變化的本領。那麼非謂語動詞，則是不受主語限制，不具備表達時間和人稱的本領。

謂語動詞和非謂語動詞的區別：

謂語動詞是句子的核心，而非謂語動詞只可能出現在剩下的非核心部分中。英語簡單句通常表達的是「什麼＋怎麼樣」的問題，其中體現「怎麼樣」這個概念的動詞呢，一個簡單句只能有一個，就是謂語動詞；而剩下的「像是動詞」的動詞，都不能重複表達這個概念，即非謂語動詞。

PS:兩個簡單句不能僅僅用逗號連接

I am a rabbit， I eat carrots. ×

I am a rabbit ，so I eat carrots.✓

在這裡，連詞連接兩個並列句，分別對應兩個謂語動詞。

非謂語動詞有不定式、動名詞、現在分詞、過去分詞等形式。

不定式——to＋動詞原形

動詞不定式行為不受具體的人和時間控制

1、不定式作主語

eg:To eat a carrot every day is good for the rabbit.

在這裡，To eat a carrot every day放到謂語動詞「is」後是

It is good for the rabbit to eat a carrot every day.

「it」常常做形式主語，常見句型是：

It is ＋形容詞＋for sb.＋to do sth.

2、不定式作賓語

eg: The rabbit likes to eat carrots.

ps:有的動詞後不能接不定式作賓語。

「it」作形式賓語

I consider it important to eat a carrot every day.

3、不定式做賓語補語

eg:The rabbit expected the wolf to eat a carrot.

ps:有些謂語動詞如see find watch have make let後用不定式作賓補需要省略to

eg:Carrots make the rabbit feel happy.

4、不定式做主語補語（表語）

eg：The rabbit's dream is to eat every kind of carrot in the world.

不定式作主語時

To eat every kind of carrot in the world is the rabbit's dream.

5、不定式作定語

eg:The rabbit has a lot of carrots to eat.

在這裡，to eat作後置賓語修飾carrot，屬於動賓關係。

6、不定式作狀語

表原因

eg:I was surprised to get a thumbs-up.

相當於原因狀語從句

I was surprised because I got a thumbs-up.

表目的

eg:I will do anything to get a thumbs-up.

相當於目的狀語從句

I will do anything in order that I get a thumbs-up.

表結果

eg:I got enough thumbs-up to make another video.

相當於結果狀語從句

I got enough thumbs-up，So that i made another video.

補充:高級不定式

即把不定式和狀態相結合

eg:To be eating a carrot

To have eaten a carrot

To have been eating a carrot

表達狀態，但實際還是「不受時間限制」

eg:The rabbit seemed to be eating carrot.

The rabbit will appear to have eaten a carrot.

動名詞＋ing

1、動名詞作主語

eg:Eating carrots is healthy for the rabbit.

2、動名詞作主語補語（表語）

eg:The rabbit's hobby is growing carrots.

3、動名詞作定語

eg:a sleeping pill 相當於 a pill for sleeping

4、動名詞作定語

The rabbit likes eating carrots.

只接動名詞的詞組:insist on.give up.feel like.put off等

賓語除了在動詞之後出現，也會在介詞之後出現

eg.The rabbit is fond of eating carrot.

不定式充當賓語和動名詞充當賓語的區別

eg.The rabbit stopped to eat a carrot.

The rabbit stopped eating a carrot.

現在分詞

1、現在分詞作表語

eg.The rabbit is charming.

形容人或物的現在分詞有:interesting.exciting.encouraging等

2、現在分詞作賓語補足語

eg.The wolf saw the rabbit eating a carrot

區分不定式作賓語補足語

The wolf saw the rabbit eat a carrot.

3、現在分詞作狀語

表時間

eg:Hearing the news,the rabbit become excited.

相當於時間狀語從句

When he heard the news,the rabbit become excited.

表原因

eg:Not knowing water to eat,the rabbit skipped lunch.

相當於原因狀語從句

Because he didn't know what to eat,the rabbit skipped lunch.

過去分詞

1、過去分詞作主語補語（表語）

eg:The rabbit is interested in growing carrots.

ps:現在分詞表主動，過去分詞表被動。

2。過去分詞作賓語補語

eg:The rabbit found his carrot stolen.

3、過去分詞作狀語

表地點

eg:Scene from the hill,the carrot field looks beautiful.

表原因

eg:Born in a rabbit family， the rabbit's only work is growing carrots.

表條件

eg:Given another chance,the rabbit would go to the wolf's party.

補充:獨立主格

The work finished，the rabbit went home.

The weather permitting，the rabbit will go out.

現在分詞/過去分詞是在句子中的狀語裡（並非句子的主語），但在狀語本身裡，分詞修飾的對象隱含了一層「主語」的意味著雖然並不是整句的主語。

以上。