英語八年級上不規則動詞表（八年級上冊英語語法）

2023-05-20 05:16:13

一、動詞不定式的用法

動詞不定式的定義：

①含有動詞

②to do(動詞原形)結構

③是非謂語動詞

動詞不定式可充當的成分：

①主語

②賓語

③定語

④狀語

⑤賓補

⑥表語

注意：動詞不定式是非謂語動詞，不能作謂語

（一）動詞不定式作主語

作主語，可以用it代替，it叫形式主語，動詞不定式放在後面叫真正主語

1．To learn a foreign language is not easy. It is not easy to learn a foreign language.

2. It’s dangerous to drive very fast.

To have a walk is good for you.

散步是對你有益的。

主語 系動詞 表語

解析：have a walk(散步)是動詞短語，不能直接作主語；To have a walk(散步)是動詞不定式，可作主語

（二）動詞不定式作賓語

1.如果賓語太長，可用it作形式賓語，構成「主語 謂語 it 賓語補足語(名詞或形容詞) to do sth」結構，謂語動詞常為find、think、feel等。

I think it's too easy to solve this problem.我認為解決這個問題太簡單了。

I found it difficult to stop him.

我發現攔截他很困難。

I want to have a walk.

（我）〈想要〉｛去散步｝。

（主語 ）〈謂詞〉 ｛賓語｝

解析：動詞不定式to have a walk(去散步)是want(想要)的內容，作want(想要)的賓語

2.常可接動詞不定式作賓語的動詞有：

agree同意／hope希望／decide決定／need需要 /mean打算／wish希望/fail(失敗)/ want想要/begin開始/would like想要/Ask請求/beg乞求／leave離開/like/ love喜歡 /hate(討厭）/prefer寧願/order命令/teach教/tell／告訴/ believe相信/find／找出 /know／知道／want／想要／ think認為／ understand明白，理解，懂得

3.後面跟動詞不定式的動詞口訣有：

1）三個希望兩答應

wish hope want promis agree

2）兩個要求莫拒絕

ask beg refuse

3）想要明白與知道

would like understand know

4）教會告訴要相信

teach tell believe

5）找出愛恨區別點

find love hate

He has decided to go to the countryside. 他已決心去鄉下。

4.（1）「疑問詞 動詞不定式」結構可以作動詞know、think、find out等的賓語。I don’t know who to ask. 我真不知道該問誰。

（2）「疑問詞 動詞不定式」可以作動詞show、teach、ask等後面的直接賓語。

She told me where to find the earphone. 她告訴我什麼地方可以找到耳機。

5.動詞不定式可以作介詞的賓語。

Autumn harvest is about to start. 秋收即將開始。

I’m worrying about what to do next. 我正愁下一步該怎麼辦。

（三）動詞不定式作定語

作定語的動詞不定式與被修飾詞有動賓關係。此時，如果動詞不定式的動詞為不及物動詞，後面的介詞絕對不能省略。

動詞分「及物」和「不及物」，「及」你就理解成「涉及，有聯」，「物」你就理解成「事物或人」。及物的動詞」就是「涉及事物的動詞」即「有受對象的動詞」或「帶賓語的動詞」（像買buy,花費spend）；「不及物的動詞」就是「不帶賓語的動詞」「沒有動作承受對象的動詞」（像跑run，跳jump,）。 所以介詞不能夠省略。

I have a lot of books to read.

我有許多書要讀。

We had only a cold room to live in. 我們只有寒室一間。

I have（ some work） to do.

我有（一些工作）要做。

（名詞 ）定語

解析：動詞不定式to do(要做)限定修飾work(工作)的屬性，作work(工作)的定語；注意：動詞不定式to do只能作名詞代詞的後置定語

（四）動詞不定式作狀語

I come here to see you.

（我）〈來到〉這裡來看你。

（主語）〈謂詞動詞〉 狀語

解析：動詞不定式to see you(來看你)修飾動詞come(來)的目的，作目的狀語

（五）動詞不定式作賓補

（I ）〈want〉｛ you｝ to join us.

（我）〈想要〉｛你｝加入我們。

（主語）〈謂語〉｛賓語｝ 賓補

解析：動詞不定式to join us(加入我們)補充說明you(你)的動作，作you(你)的賓補；

（六）動詞不定式作表語

（My dream）〈 is 〉to be a teacher.

（我的夢想）〈是〉當老師。

（主語）〈 系動詞〉 表語

解析：動詞不定式to be a teacher(當老師)表示My dream的內容，作表語；

（七）區別下列詞組的不同含義:

remember to do 記住要做某事

remember doing 記得曾經做過某事

forget to do忘記要做某事

forget doing 忘記曾經做過某事

stop to do 停下來去做某事

stop doing 停止做某事

go on to do 繼續做另一件事

go on doing 繼續做原來在做的事

（八）It takes sb some time to do sth.花費某人一段時間幹某事.

It took me half an hour to do my homework yesterday.昨天我花了半小時做回家作業.

It took Jim an hour and a half to read the book.吉姆花了一個半小時看這本書.

It took mother one and a half hours to do the housework.母親花了一個半小時幹家務.

（九）不定式的特殊句型Why not

"Why not 動詞原形"表達向某人提出建議，翻譯為："為什麼不……?" "幹嗎不……?"

Why not take a holiday?

幹嗎不去度假?

二、動詞不定式特殊用法

（一）It's for sb.和 It's of sb.

1)lt's ＋形容詞＋for sb.

此句型常用於表示事物的特徵特點，表示客觀形式的形容詞，如easy, hard, difficult,interesting, impossible等：

It's very hard for him to study two languages.

對他來說學兩門外語是很難的。

It’s dangerous for children to swim in the river. 孩子在這條河裡遊泳很危險。（遊泳這件事情危險）。

2)lt's＋形容詞＋of sb

此句型一般用來表示人物的性格、品德，表示主觀感情或態度的形容詞，如good, bad, polite, unkind, kind, nice, clever, right, wrong, careful, careless, nice, clever, foolish, right等。

lt's foolish of you to do that.

It's very nice of you to help me.

你來幫助我，你真是太好了。

It was careless of you to do that.

你這麼做真粗心。（你這個人粗心）。

for 與of 的辨別方法：

用介詞後面的代詞作主語，用介詞前邊的形容詞作表語，造個句子。如果道理上通順用of，不通則用for。如：

You are nice.(通順，所以應用of)。

He is hard.(人是困難的，不通，因此應用for。)

（二）用作介詞的to

to 有兩種用法：

第一種用法為：不定式 動詞原形;

第二種用法為：介詞 名詞/動名詞..

to 在下面的用法中是第二種即to 名詞/動名詞：

admit to承認

confess to承認

be accustomed to 習慣於

be used to 習慣於

stick to 堅持

turn to開始，著手於

devote oneself to 獻身於

be devoted to 致力於

look forward to 盼望

pay attention to 注意

（三）省 略to 的動詞不定式

1) 情態動詞 ：( 除ought 外，ought to)

2) 使役動詞： let, have, make

3) 感官動詞： see, watch, look at, notice , observe, hear, listen to, smell, feel, find 等後作賓補，省略to；

注意：在被動語態中則to 不能省掉。

I saw him clean the classroom.

=He was seen to clean the classroom.

The boss made them work the whole night.

=They were made to work the whole night.

4) would rather，had better；

5) Why… / why not…；

6) help 可帶to，也可不帶to, help sb (to) do sth；

7) but和except：but前是動詞do時，後面出現的動詞用不帶to的動詞不定式；

8) 由and, or和than連接的兩個不定式，第二個to 可以省去；

9) 通常在discover, imagine, suppose, think, understand等詞後，可以省去to be；

He is supposed (to be) nice. 他應該是個好人。

舉例：He wants to move to France and marry the girl.He wants to do nothing but go out.

比較：He wants to do nothing but go out.

He wants to believe anything but to take the medicine.

典型例題

1) ---- I usually go there by train.

---- Why not ___ by boat for a change?

A. to try going B. trying to go

C. to try and go D. try going

答案：

D. why not 後面接不帶to 的不定式，因此選D。

2) Paul doesn't have to be made ___.

He always works hard.

A. learn B. to learn C. learned D. learning

答案：

B. make後接不帶to 的動詞不定式，當其用於被動時，to 不可省略。

（四）動詞不定式的否定式。

在不定式標誌to前加上not。例如：

Tell him not to shut the window。讓他別關窗。

She pretended not to see me when I passed by. 我走過的時候，她假裝沒看見。

【典型例題】

1）Mrs. Smith warned her daughter ___ after drinking.　

A. never to drive　 B. to never driver　

C. never driving　 D. never drive　

　 答案：A。warn sb to do sth. 的否定形式為warn sb not to do sth. 此處用的是否定詞never.

2） The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street，but his mother told him ____.　

A. not to　　B. not to do　　

C. not do it　 D. do not to

　 答案：A。not to 為not to do it 的省略形式。可以只用to這個詞，而不必重複整個不定式詞組。及物動詞do後應有賓語，因此也B，D不對。

【動詞不定式同步練習】

（一）用所給動詞的正確形式填空

1. She said she offered ____ (take) me to the shopping center.

2. They decided ____ (play) tennis against Guangming Middle School.

3. He wanted _____ (watch) the football match at the stadium.

4. My parents plan _____ (visit) my grandparents next weekend.

5. David promised ____ (not be)late for school next time.

（二）根據短文內容，用所給動詞的正確形式填空。

A

The radio says it will be sunny this weekend. Diana plans 1.____ (enjoy) the sun on the beach. She wants 2._____ (invite) Lucy to go with her. But Lucy said her parents offered 3._____ (take) her to the cinema. So Lucy wouldn't like 4._____ (go) with Diana. Finally Diana decided 5.______ (go) to the beach alone.

B

Lu Xun is one of the greatest writers of modern China. He was born in Shaoxing, Zhejiang Province, in 1881. At first, Lu Xun hoped 6._____ (help) the Chinese people become healthy and strong, so he decided 7.______ (be) a doctor. After a few years, he started 8.______ (write) short stories because he wanted 9._____ (teach) people about society. One of his most famous stories is The True Story of Ah Q. It describes the hard life of Ah Q and makes people think about society. In the 1920s, people began10. _____ (translate翻譯) his work into English.

（三）單項選擇

1. I can't tell you what she said. I've promised ____ it a secret.

A. keep B. to keep C. keeping D. kept

2. -- What's your plan for the summer holiday?

-- I decide ____ at home and have a good rest fist.

A. to stay B. staying C. stayed D. stay

3. I was waiting ____ across the road when a car hit a boy suddenly.

A. walk B. walking C. to walk D. walks

4. My parents agree _____ football with my classmates on Sunday afternoon.

A. plays B. to play C. playing D. played

5. -- Dad, Can I borrow your camera? I want ____ it to take some photos.

-- Sure. But you must promise _____ after it well.

A. to use; look B. use; to look C. to use; to look D. use; look

（四）翻譯下列句子。體會不定式做目的狀語的功能。

1. To make it easier for the tigers to live, we should protect their home in the wild.

2. We should work hard to stop people killing tigers.

3. Let's find out what else we can do to save as many animals as possible.

4. They do important research to find out the best way to protect animals.

5. They also develop plans to help animals in danger.

同步練習

（一）用所給詞的正確形式填空

1. Their parents don't allow them ____(swim) in the river. It's really dangerous.

2. Please tell the boys _____ (not make) any noise. My baby is sleeping.

3. They try to find some more ways to make some animals ____ (work) for people.

4. My friend invited me ____ (watch) Beijing Opera last weekend.

5. I often hear a girl _____ (practise) playing the piano in the classroom.

（二）單項填空

1. We should allow students _____ their own school uniform.

A. choose B. to choose C. choosing D. chose

2. The teacher told Mike ____ too much time playing computer games.

A. not to spend B. to spend C. spent D. not spend

3. Our tour guide advised us ____ far from our camp. It was dangerous.

A. to walk B. not walk C. not walking D. not to walk

4. I saw students ____ when I passed the playground.

A. running B. run C. ran D. to run

5. I help my mother ____ housework every day after I finish homework.

A. doing B. does C. do D. did

6. The boss made his employees ____ over 8 hours a day.

A. working B. work C. works D. to work

7. Our teacher asked us _____ the handcrafts this weekend.

A. to hand in B. hand in C. handing in D. hands in

8. Tony would like his parents ____ him to Shanghai Disneyland this summer holiday.

A. take B. to take C. taking D. takes

9. All the students agreed to choose Han Mei _____ their monitor.

A. being B. is C. to be D. was

10. Mike's parents want him _____ the army after finishing college.

A. to join B. joining C. join D. join

參考答案

（一）用所給動詞的正確形式填空

1. to take 依據：offer to do 主動提出做某事

2. to play 依據：decide to do 決定做某事

3. to watch 依據：want to do 想要做某事

4. to visit 依據：plan to do 計劃做某事

5. not to be 依據：promise to do 答應做某事，保證做某事

（二）根據短文內容，用所給動詞的正確形式填空。

A

1. to enjoy, 2. to invite, 3.to take, 4. to go(解析：would like to do想要做某事）, 5. to go

B

6. to help（解析：依據want to do 想要做某事）, 7. to be（解析：依據decide to do決定做某事）, 8. to write（解析：依據start to do 開始做某事）, 9. to teach（解析：依據want to do想要做某事）, 10. to translate（解析：依據begin to do 開始做某事）

（三）單項選擇

1. B 依據：promise to do 答應做某事

2. A 依據：decide to do決定做某事

3. C 依據：wait to do 等待做某事

4. B 依據：agree to do 同意做某事

5. C 依據: want to do 想要做某事，promise to do 答應做某事

（四）翻譯下列句子。體會不定式做目的狀語的功能。

1. 為了讓老虎更容易地生存， 我們應該保護它們在野外的家。

2. 我們應該努力工作來阻止人們獵殺老虎。

3. 讓我們弄清楚我們還能做什麼來拯救儘可能多的動物。

4. 他們做重要的研究為的是找出保護動物的最佳方法。

5.他們也制定計劃來保護瀕危動物。

三：不定式作賓語補足語。

同步練習：

（一）用所給詞的正確形式填空

1. to swim依據：allow sb. to do 允許某人做某事。

2. not to make 依據：tell sb. not to do 告訴某人不要做某事。

3. work 依據：make sb. do 使某人做某事

4. to watch 依據：invite sb. to do 邀請某人做某事

5. practice 依據：hear sb. do 聽見某人做某事，指聽到的是動作的全過程。

（二）單項填空

1. B 依據：allow sb. to do 允許某人做某事。

2. A 依據：tell sb. to do 告訴某人做某事，否定形式是 tell sb. not to do 告訴某人不要做某事。

3. D 依據：advise sb. to do 建議某人做某事。否定形式是：advise sb. not to do建議某人不要做某事。此處應是建議不要遠離營地。故選D

4. A 依據：see sb. doing 看見某人正在做某事。句意是：當我從操場旁邊路過的時候，看見學生們正在跑步。

5. C 依據：help sb. do 幫助某人做某事。

6. B 依據：make sb. do 讓某人做某事。

7. A 依據：ask sb. to do 讓某人做某事，要求某人做某事。

8. B 依據: would like sb. to do 想要某人做某事

9. C 依據：choose sb. to do 選擇某人做某事

10. A 依據：want sb. to do想要某人做某事

【練一練】

根據括號內的動詞,用適當的形式填空,空內可能不只填一個詞,使句子完整意思正確

1. They usually __________ kites on Sundays. (fly)

2. Look! The dogs __________ after the cat. (run)

3. Miss Gao __________ English in our school since she came here. (teach)

4. The class meeting _________ last Wednesday afternoon. (hold)

5. You should let him __________ the work by himself. (finish)

6. Meimei __________ to wash the old woman’s clothes twice every week. (go)

7. Mr Jiang __________ us Chinese last term. (teach)

8. My father __________ back from Japan tomorrow. (come)

9. It’s seven o』clock now. The Greens __________ breakfast together. (have)

10. Jim __________ many Chinese songs since he came to China. (learn)

11. Please remember __________ the window when you leave the room. (close)

12. After school some students began to do some __________ in the classroom. (clean)

13. English __________ widely in the whole world today. (speak)

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