中考英語介詞系列講解（中考英語複習精講精練）

2023-08-06 00:30:42 2

中考英語介詞系列講解?專題四 介詞目標導航，我來為大家講解一下關於中考英語介詞系列講解?跟著小編一起來看一看吧!

中考英語介詞系列講解

專題四 介詞

目標導航

考點突破

•in的基本用法

1. 表示在······時間，如年、月、季節、上午/下午/晚上等。例：

in 1985 在1985年 in May 在五月 in September,1999 在1999年九月

in the morning/afternoon/evening 在上午/下午/晚上

in spring/summer/autumn/winter在春/夏/秋/冬季

2．表示·在·····地點。如：

The meeting will be held in China.這個會議將在中國舉行。

3.表示穿著。如：

The girl in red is my sister.那個穿紅色衣服的女孩是我姐姐。

4．作"用"解。如：

Mr Wang told us a story in English .王先生用英語給我們講了個故事。

5.在某方面。如：

Jim is a little weak in Chinese.吉姆漢語有些薄弱。

6．表示處於某種狀況。如：

in trouble 處於困境中 in danger 處於危險中

•at的基本用法

1． 表示在······時刻。如： at six o'clock 在六點鐘

2． 表示·在·····地點。如：Let's meet at the station.我們在火車站會合吧！

3． 表示動作的目標和方向，有"對著·····"、"向·····"之意。如：

look at 看····· laugh at 嘲笑 aim at 瞄準

4．表示在·····方面。如：be good at 擅長

5．表示價格。如： Ｔｈｅ　ｆａｒｍｅｒ　ｓｏｌｄ　ｔｈｅ　ｏｌｄ　ｈｏｒｓｅ　ａｔ　ａ　ｌｏｗ　ｐｒｉｃｅ．農夫以低價把老馬賣了。

•on的基本用法

1． 指時間，表示在一個星期的某一天、節日以及具體的某一天。如：

on Friday 在星期五 on Ocotober 1,1949 在1949年10月1日

on Teachers' day 在教師節 on Women's Day 在婦女節

2． 表示地點，意為"在·····上面"。如：

There is a beautiful card on the table.桌子上有一張精美的卡片。

3．表示"關於"，通常用於書面語。例：

Mr Li will give us a speech on Chinese history.李先生將給我們作一場關於中國歷史的演講。

4．表示 "在從事·····中"。如：on business 出差 on hoilday 度假 on show 展覽 on duty 值日

•with的基本用法

1． 和·····一起。如：

Mr Smith often goes fishing with his friends on Sundays.史密斯先生經常在星期天和朋友一起去釣魚。

2．使用、用。如：

Cut the meat into pieces with a knife.用刀把肉切成碎片。

3．有、具有。如：

China is a country with a long history.中國是一個歷史悠久的國家。

4． 伴隨。如：

With these words,he left the room.說著這些話，他離開了屋子。

•by的基本用法

1． 用某種方式,後面跟名詞或動名詞。如：

He studies English by watching English movies.他通過看英文電影的方式來學習英語。

2． 被、由。如：

This novel is written by a famous Amercian writer.這本書是一個著名的美國作家寫的。

3． 乘某種交通工具。如：

Mr Black usually goes to work by car.布萊克先生經常開車去上班。

4． 在·····旁邊。如：

He is sitting by the window.他正坐在窗戶旁邊。

5.在·····之前，到·····為止。如：

We had finished the work by 12 o'clock yesterday.我們在昨天12點之前已經完成那項工作。

6．用於某些固定短語。如：

by mistake 錯誤地 by accident 偶然地 by the way 順便問一下

by oneself 獨自 one by one一個接一個

•for的基本用法

1. 表示目的、意圖，意為"為·····"。如：

I want to go back for my pen .我要回去拿我地鋼筆。

2．因為。如：

Thank you for your help.謝謝你地幫助。

3．經過·····，表示時間、距離。如：

We ran for two miles.我們跑了兩英裡。

He has lived in Hefei for ten years. 他在合肥已經住了10年了。

4.表示"贊成、支持"，其反義詞為against。如：

Some students are for the plan ,others are against it.一些學生支持這個計劃，另外一些學生反對這個計劃。

5．用於某些固定短語。如：

look for 尋找 be good for 對·····有益 be late for 遲到 wait for 等候

•in 和after

in和after雖然都有"在······之後"之意，但after表示的時間從過去算起，後面可以接時間點或時間段，主要用於過去時態，而in表示的時間從現在算起，後面只能接時間段，通常用於將來時態。例：

The man left his hometown after a month.那個人一個月後離開了家鄉。

My father will be back in a week. 我爸爸一個星期後回來。

•in,to,on表示方位

在英語中，表示在某物體的不同方向用不同的介詞：在某個物體內部的某個方向用in ；在某個物體外部的某個方向用to；與某個物體相鄰用on。例：

Anhui lies to the south of Beijing.安徽位於北京的南部。

Japan is in the east of Asia. 日本位於亞洲的東部。

Jiangsu is on the east of Anhui. 江蘇在安徽的東邊。

•across 和through

across和through都表示"穿過"的意思，但二者用法不一樣。across表示從某物體的表面穿過，而through表示從某物體的內部穿過。試比較：

The army walked through the city in the midnight. 軍隊在深夜穿過那座城市。

The girl was very terrified when she went through the forest.小女孩在穿過森林的時候感到很害怕。

•besides 和except

besides和except雖然翻譯成漢語都是"除了"的意思，但是意義卻不同：besides包括除去的內容，其前面通常有other,another,any other 等詞，而except不包括除去的內容，它前面通常有all,every等詞。如：

We have two other new subjects besides chemistry this term.除了化學，我們這學期還學兩門新課。

All of our classmates went hiking except Jim.除了吉姆外，我們所有的同學都去遠足了。

•between 和among

二者都有"在······之間"的意思，但是between強調在兩者之間，通常與and搭配，而among強調在三者或三者以上的人或事物之間。請比較：

There is a road between the supermarket and the bank.超市和銀行之間有一條馬路。

The teacher is standing among the students.老師站在學生們中間。

•for 和since

since意為"從······時起"，後接表示過去的時間點，多用於完成時，而for 表示持續多長時間，後接時間段，可用於多種時態，但主要用於有延續性動詞的現在完成時的句子中。二者有時可以進行轉換。請比較：

He has lived in Hefei since ten years ago.

=He has lived in Hefei for ten years. 他在合肥已經住了10年了。

My father has worked in the factory since 1990.我爸爸從1990年起，一直在這個工廠工作。

•by和with

by與with都具有"用"之意，但with強調使用具體的工具，而by是指用某種方式，後面跟名詞或動名詞。試比較：

He wrote the letter with a ballpen. 他用原子筆寫那封信。

He asked his parents for money by writing a letter to them.他給他父母寫信，向他們要錢。

The old man made a living by selling vegetables.那個老人以賣蔬菜為生。

•on和about

on和about都有"關於"的意思，about通常用於比較隨便的談話或非正式文體中，on用於比較正式的文體中，如報告、著作等。請比較：

He told us a story about the monkey and the tiger.他給我們講了一個關於猴子和老虎的故事。

Mr gave us some advice on how to learn English.李先生就如何學好英語給我們提了些建議。

介詞可以和其他詞，如動詞、副詞、形容詞等，構成固定搭配。我們可以把這些介詞短語分為以下三種類型：

1． 動詞＋介詞

talk about 談論 worry about 擔心 laugh at 嘲笑 knock at 敲

depend on 依靠 look after 照看 deal with 處理 look for 尋找

2． 動詞＋副詞＋介詞

catch up with 趕上 do well in 擅長 look forward to 盼望 run out of 用光

3． be 形容詞 介詞

be good at 擅長 be good for 對······有益 be proud of 為······感到自豪

be different from與······不同 be pleased with 對······感到滿意

中考真題演練

單項選擇

1．We traveled all night to London and got there __________ Sunday morning. (2006•北京)

A. forB. onC. at D. to

2．I usually go to school ______ bike, but sometimes I go to school ______ foot. (2006•杭州)

A. with; on B. on; by C. on; with D. by; on

3．_____Saturday morning, an earthquake killed 13 people ______Jiangxi Province. (2006•江西)

A. On; in B. On; at C. In; at D. In; in

4．_______a player，I'm looking forward________the 2008 Olympic Games. (2006•天津)

A. For；at B. As；to C. With；for D. Of；to

5．She is planning on driving. Let's help her ____ some good ideas. (2006•資陽)

A. come out B. come up C. catch up with D. come up with

6．In Zhejiang there will be a new bridge over 30 kilometers long _______ Ningbo and Jiaxing. (2006•浙江)

A. beside B. between C. next to D. from

7．一Dad，look at the building．It is on fire.

一Call 119 mobile phone right now．(2006•泰州)

A.in B．by C．on D．with

8．Thanks _____ the Great Green Wall, the land produces more crops. (2006•徐州)

A. by B. of C. for D. to

9．一Have you seen my toy car,Bill?

一It's ______my way,so I put it _______.(2006•德州)

A. in ,away B.on,out C.in,out D.by away

10. 一Who's the man _______black? (2006• 肇慶)

一Oh,he is Mr Brown.

A. in B.on C.with

11．一Did you have breakfast this morning ?

一No,I got up late and went to school ________breakfast. (2006• 福州)

A.for B.in C.without D.after

12．一What would you do ________the lost library book?

一I would try to find it or pay _______it. (2006• 黃崗)

A.for,to B.about,for C.with,for D.with,to

13．________the help of the teacher ,he became a good student. (2006• 青海)

A.Under B.On C.with

14．_______the morning of March 31,she made an important decision in her life. (2006• 瀋陽)

A.Since B.In C.Ｆｒｏｍ Ｄ．Ｏｎ

15.All the clerks went home_____Mr Wang ,for he had to finish his work. (2006• 成都)

A.except B.besides C.without

16．Audrey Hepburn was born in Belgium __________ 4th May 1929. (2006• 蘇州)

A. atB. in C. onD. from

17．I'd like a cup of coffee some sugar and milk．(2007•汕頭 )

A．in B．to C．of D．with

18．– What's your speech , Dr. Smith?

– Tomorrow you will get it. (2007•淄博 )

A. byB. ofC. fromD. on

19．You can study the grammar ________ memorizing it． (2007•蘭州 )

A. with B．by C.on D. at

20．The moon light is coming in the window and the room seems quiet and beautiful．(2007•成都 )

A．across B．through C．over

21．Oh, it's you, Ella! Your voice sounds very different _____ the phone. What's happening? (2007•杭州)

A. from B. in C. of D. on

22．– When did Hong Kong return to our motherland.'?

– ___July 1st, 1997. (2007•福州 )

A. On B. In C. At D. For

23．—Li Lei did very well in the English exam . —Oh , yeah ! He is ___________ English . (2007•北京 )

A. weak in B. angry with C. good at D. afraid of

24．Many sportsmen are getting ready ______ the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games. (2007•重慶 )

A．to B．with C．for D．on

25．Many teachers believe that children learn_________ life， not just from their textbooks. (2007•樂山 )

A. of B from C. for D. with

26. Try to give its meaning when you meet a new word. Don't _____ your dictionary

all the time. (2007•瀋陽 )

A. work on B. take on C. keep on D. depend on

27． — You never feel worried before an exam, how can you?

— Well, I've been working hard all the time. Surely I am ___________ any exam. （2007•宜昌)

A. busy with B. afraid of C. ready for D. interested in

28．What do you think life will be like ________ one hundred years? （2007•懷化)

A. on B. in C. at

29．—I hear you have got a ticket _______the Opening Ceremony of the Beijing Olypics.

—Yes,I got it _______my uncle. （2007•黃崗)

A.of,from B.to,by C.to,from D.of,to

30．The accident happened _______ a cold winter morning. (2005•陝西)

A. in B. on C. at D. of

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