too用法歸納(含too的幾個重要句型)
2023-04-18 23:18:28 1
A. too ... to do ...太……而不能
例:They are too young to understand what is going on
他們還太小,不明白髮生了什麼事。
《柯林斯高階英漢雙解學習詞典》
I just decided I was a bit too frivolous to be a doctor
我剛剛決定說自己有點過於輕率,不適合做醫生。
《柯林斯高階英漢雙解學習詞典》
I was too cowardly to complain.
我太膽小,不敢抱怨。
《柯林斯高階英漢雙解學習詞典》
It'll be too late to start preparing dinner when the guests have arrived.
客人到了才準備飯菜,就來不及了。
《漢英大詞典》
We found the English treacle pudding too good to resist. Sure enough, it wasdelicious
我們覺得英國糖蜜布丁太好吃了,令人無法抗拒。的確非常美味。
《柯林斯高階英漢雙解學習詞典》
Politics is too important to be left to the politicians.(=Politics is so important that it can't be left to the politicians.)
政治太重要了,不能由政治家來決定。
She was too excited to go to sleep. 她興奮得睡不著了。
The ice is too thin to bear your weight. 冰太薄,承受不住你的重量。
She works too slowly to be much use to me. 她幹活太慢,對我不會有多大幫助。
too…to…結構是英語中一個十分重要的結構,同時也是各種英語考試中一個十分重要的考點,同學們在學習或複習中應注意以下幾點:
一、基本結構特點
too…to…結構的基本形式為「too 形容詞或副詞 to 動詞原形」,其意為「太……以至於不能……」。如:
He is too shy to speak to her. 他太害羞,不敢同她講話。
It's too cheap to be good. 這東西太便宜,好不了(即便宜無好貨)。
He is too young to know right from wrong. 他太小,還分不清是非。
二、不定式的邏輯主語
有時不定式前可以帶有一個由介詞for引出的邏輯主語。如:
It's too expensive for her to buy. 太貴了,她買不起。
The box is too heavy for the boy to carry. 這個箱子太重,這男孩提不起。
The print is too small for me to read without glasses. 印刷字體太小,我不戴眼鏡就看不清。
三、不定式是否帶賓語
在通常情況下,too…to…結構中的不定式可根據其是否及物來確定它是否帶賓語。如:
He is too tired to go any further. 他太累了,不能再往前走了。(不定式to go不及物,無需帶賓語)
I was too weak to move or think or speak
我太虛弱了,無法動彈,無法思考,也無法說話。
《柯林斯高階英漢雙解學習詞典》
I was too scared to move
我嚇得動彈不得。
《柯林斯高階英漢雙解學習詞典》
She is too poor to buy such a nice a dress. 她太窮,買不起那件漂亮的連衣裙。(不定式to buy後帶有賓語 such a nice a dress)
但是,若句子主語與其後不定式有動賓關係,那麼,其後的及物動詞不定式不能帶賓語。如:
The nice dress is too expensive for her to buy. 這件漂亮的連衣裙太貴了,她買不起。(to buy在此雖為及物動詞,但由於句子主語the nice dress與該不定式to buy有動賓關係,故to buy後不宜再接代詞it作賓語)
注意:若句子主語與其後不定式有動賓關係,且其中的動詞為不及物動詞,此時應注意在其後加適當的介詞。如:
The room is too dirty to live in. 這房間太髒,不能住。(句末的介詞in不可省略)
It's too late to back down now
現在打退堂鼓已經太晚了。
《柯林斯高階英漢雙解學習詞典》
四、不定式是否用被動語態
上面講到,若句子主語與其後不定式有動賓關係,其後作為及物動詞的不定式不再帶賓語。此時還需注意,該不定式通常也不用被動式,儘管意義上是被動的。如:
The text is too difficult to understand. 這課文太難了,理解不了。
The text is too difficult for the students to understand. 這課文太難了,學生理解不了。
但在某些特殊的語境,其中的不定式必須要用被動式。如:
He spoke in a voice too low to be heard. 他說話的聲音太低,聽不見。
He is too young to be sent to America for advanced study. 他太年輕,不能送到美國去深造。
This parcel is too heavy to send / to be sent by post. 這個包裹太重了,不能郵寄。
注意,有些情況必須要用被動式,否則,意思不同。比較:
She is too ill to move. 她病得很厲害,動彈不得。
She is too ill to be moved. 她病得很厲害,經不住轉移。
五、與so [such]…that結構的轉換
1. The box is too heavy for me to carry.
→The box is so heavy that I can’t carry it.
→It is such a heavy box that I can’t carry it.
2. The child is too young to dress himself.
→The child is so young that he can’t dress himself.
→He is such a young child that he can’t dress himself.
註:有時還可與 not…enough to…轉換,但此時要注意把原句型中的形容詞改為相對應的反義詞。如:
The child is too young to dress himself.
→The child is not old enough to dress himself.
六、too…to…有時可表示肯定意義
在以下幾種情況,too…to…結構可以表示肯定意義,而不是否定意義:
1. 當不定式前有否定詞修飾時。比較:
He is too foolish to understand this. 他太蠢,不會明白這一點。
He is too clever not to understand this. 他太聰明,不會不明白這一點。
2. 當副詞too的前面有否定詞修飾時。如:
It shouldn't take too long to root him out.
把他剷除掉應該不需要太長的時間。
《柯林斯高階英漢雙解學習詞典》
Never too old to learn. 活到老學到老。(直譯:永遠不會太老而不能學習)
It’s never too late to stop smoking. 戒菸何時都不算晚。(直譯:永遠不會太遲而不能戒菸)
3. 當副詞too後面修飾的形容詞是happy 、glad, ready, pleased、easy等表示「積極」意義的詞彙時。如:
I’m too glad to see you again. 又見到你我很高興。
We are too ready to help you. 我們很樂意幫助你。
I shall be only too pleased to get home. 我要回到家裡就非常高興。
I shall be only too pleased to get home.
我要回到家裡就非常高興。
It was all too easy to believe it.
這太容易令人相信了。
《柯林斯高階英漢雙解學習詞典》
I am only too happy to drive you to the store. 我非常樂意開車送你去商場。
註:這類句子中的too通常含有very之意,且too前通常會有only, just等副詞修飾。
B. too adj for sth
例:These shoes are much too small for me.
我穿這雙鞋太小了。
C.too adj a n.
例:This is too difficult a text for me. 這篇課文對我來說太難了。
注意,如果too修飾的形容詞同時還修飾單數可數名詞,則要按「too 形容詞 a 名詞 to」安排詞序:
It is too good a chance to miss. 那機會真好,不容錯過。
She is too polite a person to refuse. 她非常客氣,不好意思回絕。
He’s too clever a man to say a thing like that in public. 他是個很聰明的人,絕不會在公開場合說那種話的。
D. can't … too 形容詞 無論……也不為過
例:We cannot emphasize the importance of protecting our eyes too much.
我們再怎麼強調保護眼睛的重要性也不為過。
,