npdp適合人群（NPDP術語-五）

2023-04-20 08:00:27

npdp適合人群?Market Share / 市場份額Market Share: A company’s sales in a product area as a percent of the total market sales in that area.，我來為大家科普一下關於npdp適合人群?以下內容希望對你有幫助!

npdp適合人群

Market Share / 市場份額

Market Share: A company’s sales in a product area as a percent of the total market sales in that area.

市場份額:該公司的銷售額在整個市場銷售額中所佔的百分比。

Market Testing: The product development stage when the new product and its marketing plan are tested together. A market test simulates the eventual marketing mix and takes many different forms, only one of which bears the name test market.

市場測試:產品開發階段，評估新產品及其上市計劃。市場測試採用不同形式模擬市場最終情況，其中只有一種稱為測試市場。

Marketing strategy: a process or model to allow an organization to focus limited resources on the best opportunities to increase sales and thereby achieve a unique competitive advantage

營銷策略：一個過程或模型，允許組織將有限的資源集中在最佳機會，以增加銷售，從而實現獨特的競爭優勢

Maturity Stage: The third stage of the product life cycle. This is the stage where sales begin to level off due to market saturation. It is a time when heavy competition, alternative product options, and (possibly) changing buyer or user preferences start to make it difficult to achieve profitability.

成熟階段:產品生命周期的第三階段。由於市場飽和，這個階段的銷售開始趨於平穩。此時，激烈的競爭、產品多樣化選擇以及潛在消費者的偏好發生改變從而使得企業難以盈利。

Metrics: A set of measurements to track product development and allow a firm to measure the impact of process improvements over time. These measures generally vary by firm but may include measures characterizing both aspects of the process, such as time to market, and duration of particular process stages, as well as outcomes from product development such as the number of products commercialized per year and percentage of sales due to new products.

度量:一套跟蹤產品開發的測量方法，允許公司對流程推進帶來的影響進行衡量的測量方法。這些方法因公司而異，包括流程的特徵測試，如投放時間、具體開發時間、每年新產品商業化的結果和新產品的銷售比重等等。

Mind mapping / 思維導圖

Mind mapping: A graphical technique for imagining connections between various pieces of information or ideas. The participant starts with a key phrase or word in the middle of a page then works out from this point to connect to new ideas in multiple direction – building a web of relationships.

思維導圖：一種圖形技術，用於想像各種信息或想法之間的聯繫。 參與者從頁面中間的關鍵短語或詞開始，然後從這一點開始連接到多個方向的新想法 – 構建一個關係網絡。

Mission: The statement of an organization’s creed, philosophy, purpose, business principles, and corporate beliefs. The purpose of the mission is to focus the energy and resources of the organization

使命：組織的信條，哲學，目的，商業原則和企業信念的聲明。 任務的目的是集中力量和資源的組織

Multidimensional scaling (MDS): is a means of visualizing the level of similarity of individual cases of a dataset (for example products or markets)

多維縮放（MDS）：是一種可視化數據集（例如產品或市場）的個別案例的相似性水平的手段

Multifunctional Team: A group of individuals brought together from the different functional areas of a business to work on a problem or process that requires the knowledge, training and capabilities across the areas to successfully complete the work. (See Chapters 9 and 10 in The PDMA HandBook 2nd Edition and Chapter 6 in The PDMA ToolBook 1.) (See also 「Cross-Functional Team」.)

跨職能團隊:來自不同業務職能領域的個體組成的共同致力於一個問題或者流程的團隊。這類問題或者流程的順利解決亟需成功地整合跨領域知識 、培訓和能力。(參見 PDMA 手冊(第 2 版)的第九、十章和 PDMA 工具書第一冊的第六章)(參見「跨職能團隊」)

Multivariate analysis: explores the association between one outcome variable (referred to as the dependent variable) and one or more predictor variables (referred to as independent variables).

多元分析：探討一個結果變量（稱為因變量）和一個或多個預測變量（稱為獨立變量）之間的關聯。

Net Present Value (NPV): the difference between the present value of cash inflows and the present value of cash outflows. NPV is used in capital budgeting to analyze the profitability of a projected investment or project.

淨現值(NPV): 按照公司貼現率或者資金成本，將當前和預期資金的流入與流出折算成現值，以評價不同項目的可比投資。

Network Diagram: A graphical diagram with boxes connected by lines that shows the sequence of development activities and the interrelationship of each task with another. Often used in conjunction with a Gantt Chart.

網絡圖:以線條相連的方框圖表，用於演示開發活動的次序和各項任務之間的相互關係。經常與甘特(Gantt)圖聯用。

New Product: A term of many opinions and practices, but most generally defined as a product (either a good or service) new to the firm marketing it. Excludes products that are only changed in promotion.

新產品:包含創意與實踐的術語，一般而言，新產品指市場上首次出現的產品(商品或服務)。不僅限於包括在促銷階段推出的產品。

New Product Development (NPD): The overall process of strategy, organization, concept generation, product and marketing plan creation and evaluation, and commercialization of a new product. Also frequently referred to just as 「product development.」

新產品開發(NPD) : 包括新產品的戰略、組織、構思、產品製造和營銷策劃與評估以及新產品商業化在內的全部過程。通常簡稱為「產品開發」。

New Product Development Process (NPD Process): A disciplined and defined set of tasks and steps that describe the normal means by which a company repetitively converts embryonic ideas into salable products or services. (See Chapters 4 and 5 of The PDMA HandBook 2nd Edition.)

新產品開發流程(NPD 流程):將最初想法不斷轉化為銷售產品和服務，公司所開展的條理化工作流程。(參見 PDMA 手冊第二版的第 4、5 章)

New Product Development Professional (NPDP): A New Product Development Professional is certified by the PDMA as having mastered the body of knowledge in new product development, as proven by performance on the Certification test. To qualify for the NPDP certification examination, a candidate must hold a bachelor’s or higher university degree (or an equivalent degree) from an accredited institution and have spent a minimum of two years working in the new product development field.

新產品開發專業人員(NPDP): PDMA 所評定的新產品開發專業人員，應掌握新產品開發的整個知識體系並且需通過認證考試。為保證 NPDP 認證考試的權威性， 報考者必須擁有 公認機構頒發的學士學位或者更高學歷(或同等學歷)，並且具有至少兩年的新產品開發從業經驗。

New Product Introduction (NPI): The launch or commercialization of a new product into the marketplace. Takes place at the end of a successful product development project. (See Chapter 30 of The PDMA HandBook 2nd Edition.)

新產品引入(NPI): 一項新產品進入市場的啟動階段，在新產品項目成功開發的後期。

New-to-the-World Product: A good or service that has never before been available to either consumers or producers. The automobile was new-to-the-world when it was introduced, as were microwave ovens and pet rocks.

全新產品: 顧客或者生產商從未了解的產品或服務。例如，汽車、微波爐和寵物石在引入時都是全新產品。

Non-Product Advantage: Elements of the marketing mix that create competitive advantage other than the product itself. These elements can include marketing communications, distribution, company reputation, technical support, and associated services.

非產品優勢:產品本身之外的影響競爭優勢的市場因素。這些因素包括市場溝通、分銷、公司信譽、技術支持和附加服務。

Norming: the third stage of team formation where the team moves into the norming stage. This is when people start to resolve their differences, appreciate colleagues』 strengths, and respect the leader’s authority.

規範：團隊形成的第三階段，團隊進入規範階段。 這是當人們開始解決他們的分歧，欣賞同事的優勢，並尊重領導的權威。

Open innovation / 開放式創新

Open innovation: defined as the use of purposive inflows and outflows of knowledge to accelerate internal innovation, and expand the markets for external use of innovation, respectively

開放式創新：定義為使用有目的的知識流入和流出來加速內部創新，並分別擴大外部使用創新的市場

Operations: A term that includes manufacturing but is much broader, usually including procurement, physical distribution, and, for services, management of the offices or other areas where the services are provided.

運營:此術語不僅包括製造過程，還包括採購、分銷、服務以及辦公管理和其它能提供服務的領域。

Opportunity: A business or technology gap that a company or individual realizes, by design or accident, that exists between the current situation and an envisioned future in order to capture competitive advantage, respond to a threat, solve a problem or ameliorate a difficulty.

機遇: 公司或個人認識到的存在於現在和可展望未來之間的商業或技術差距。目的在於捕捉競爭優勢、應對危機或者解決難題。

Organizational identity: Fundamental to the long-term success of an organization is a clear definition and understanding of what the organization stands for, why does it exist.

組織身份：組織的長期成功的基礎是對組織代表什麼的清晰的定義和理解，為什麼它存在。

Outsourcing: The process of procuring a good or service from someone else, rather than the firm producing it themselves.

外包: 公司從外部採購產品或者服務的過程，而不是自己生產所需產品。

Outstanding Corporate Innovator Award: An annual PDMA award given to firms acknowledged through a formal vetting process as being outstanding innovators. The basic requirements for receiving this award, which is given yearly by the PDMA, are: 1. Sustained success in launching new products over a five-year time frame; 2. Significant company growth from new product success; 3. A defined new product development process, that can be described to others; 4. Distinctive innovative characteristics and intangibles.

傑出公司創新者獎:PDMA 一年一度通過專業認證頒發給傑出創新公司的獎項。要榮獲 PDMA 這個年度獎項，需要符合以下基本要求:1. 在開發新產品方面持續5 年擁有新成果;2. 新產品的成功給公司帶來顯著的效益增長;3. 能明確定義新產品開發的流程;4. 獨特的創新特徵及無形資產。

Payback: The time, usually in years, from some point in the development process until the commercialized product or service has recovered its costs of development and marketing. While some firms take the point of full-scale market introduction of a new product as the starting point, others begin the clock at the start of development expense.

回報:產品或服務商業化以後所獲收益與開發和市場成本相抵消的時間，通常以年計算。有的公司將新產品全面投入市場的時間作為起點，而有些公司以投入開發成本開始計算。

Perceptual Mapping: A quantitative market research tool used to understand how customers think of current and future products.

Perceptual maps are visual representations of the positions that sets of products hold in consumers』 minds.

感知映射:用於了解顧客對當前和未來產品看法的定量市場調研工具。感知映射是產品在消費者心中位置的直觀呈現。

Performance Measurement System: The system that enables the firm to monitor the relevant performance indicators of new products in the appropriate time frame.

績效評估系統:此系統能幫助公司在適當時間內實現對新產品相關績效指標的監測。

Performance metrics: a set of measurements to track product development and to allow an organization to measure the impact of process improvement over time. These measures generally vary by organization but may include measures characterizing both aspects of process, such as time to market and duration of particular process stages, as well as outcomes from product development such as the number of products commercialized per year and percentage sales due to new products.

績效指標：用於跟蹤產品開發的一組測量，並允許組織測量過程改進隨時間的影響。 這些措施通常因組織而異，但可能包括表徵過程的兩個方面的措施，例

如上市時間和特定過程階段的持續時間，以及產品開發的結果，例如每年商業化的產品數量和新的產品。

PERT (Program Evaluation and Review Technique): An event-oriented network analysis technique used to estimate project duration when there is a high degree of uncertainty in estimates of duration times for individual activities.

PERT(項目評審技術):一種以事件為導向的網絡分析技術。通常用於子項目工期具有高度不確定性的整個項目的工期估算。

PESTLE: A structured tool based on the analysis

of Political, Economic, Social, Technological, Legal

and Environmental factors. It is particularly useful as a strategic framework for seeking a better understanding of trends in factors that will directly influence the future of an organization – such as demographics, political barriers, disruptive technologies, competitive pressures, etc.

PESTLE：基於政治，經濟，社會，技術，法律和環境因素的一種結構化分析工具。 它是極為有效的戰略框架，是對趨勢的更精準解讀，是分析直接影響組織未來，如人口統計，政治因素，顛覆性技術，競爭壓力等因素的關鍵。

Phase Review Process / 階段審核流程

Phase Review Process: A staged product development process in which first one function completes a set of tasks, then passes the information they generated sequentially to another function which in turn completes the next set of tasks and then passes everything along to the next function. Multifunctional teamwork is largely absent in

these types of product development processes, which may also be called baton-passing processes. Most firms have moved from these processes to Stage-GateÔ processes using multifunctional teams.

階段審核流程:階梯式的產品開發流程，在此過程中，一職能團隊完成一組任 務，所生成的信息傳遞給另一職能團隊，然後此團隊完成系列任務並 將信息傳遞給另外一組職能團隊。此類型的產品開發流程並不適合跨職能團隊合作，所以大多數公司正從此流程轉向跨職能團隊階段–關口流程。

Pipeline / 產品管道

Pipeline (product pipeline): The scheduled stream of products in development for release to the market.

(產品)管道:將開發產品投放市場的預定途徑。

Pipeline Management: A process that integrates product strategy, project management, and functional management to continually optimize the cross-project management of all development-related activities. (See Chapter 5 in The PDMA HandBook 1st Edition and Chapter 3

in The PDMA HandBook 2nd Edition.)

管道管理:將產品戰略、項目管理和職能管理整合起來，以持續優化所有相關開發活動中的跨項目管理。(參見 PDMA 手冊第一版第 5 章和 PDMA 第二版第 3 章)

Platform Product / 平臺型產品

Platform Product: The design and components that are shared by a set of products in a product family. From this platform, numerous derivative products can be designed. (See also product platform)

平臺型產品:一系列同類產品的設計和組成。這個平臺可設計多種派生產品。(參見產品平臺)

Platform projects: produce a set of subsystems and interfaces that form a common structure, from which a stream of derivative products can be efficiently developed and produced.

平臺項目：生成一組形成公共結構的子系統和接口，從中可以有效地開發和生產衍生產品流。

Portfolio: Commonly referred to as a set of projects or products that a company is investing in and making strategic trade-offs against. (See also project portfolio and product portfolio)

組合:通常指公司正在投資並進行戰略規劃的一系列項目或者產品。(參見項目組合和產品組合)

Portfolio Criteria / 組合關鍵指標

Portfolio Criteria: The set of criteria against which the business judges both proposed and currently active product development projects to create a balanced and diverse mix of ongoing efforts.

組合關鍵指標:用來評價現有或計劃中的產品開發項目以協調和平衡各方力量的一系列關鍵指標。

Portfolio Management: A business process by which a business unit decides on the mix of active projects, staffing and dollar budget allocated to each project currently being undertaken. See also pipeline management. (See Chapter 13 of The PDMA ToolBook 1 and Chapter 3 of The PDMA HandBook 2nd Edition.)

組合管理:對項目活動、人員以及分配到各項目的預算進行業務管理的過程。參見渠道管理。(參見 PDMA 工具書第一冊第 13 章和 PDMA 手冊第二版第 3 章)

Portfolio Rollout Scenarios / 組合產品首次公開展示

Portfolio Rollout Scenarios: hypothetical illustrations of the number and magnitude of new products that would need to be launched over a certain time frame to reach the desired financial goals; accounts for success/failure rates and considers company and competitive benchmarks.

組合產品首次公開展示:為達到期望的財務目標、成功率和公司競爭性指標，對一定時期內新產品的投入數量和規模的假設描述。

Primary market research: is defined as original research conducted by you (or someone you hire) to collect data specifically for your current objective

首要市場研究：定義為您（或您僱用的人）為您當前目標收集數據而進行的原始研究

Process Champion / 流程負責人

Process Champion: The person responsible for the daily promotion of and encouragement to use a formal business process throughout the organization. They are also responsible for the ongoing training, innovation input and continuous improvement of the process.

流程負責人:流程負責人負責推動正式流程的日常工作，負責對流程進行調整、創新和改進。

Process Managers: The operational managers responsible for ensuring the orderly and timely flow of ideas and projects through the process.

流程經理:運營經理，負責確保創意流程和項目流程有序及時地進行。

Process Owner / 流程擁有者

Process Owner: The executive manager responsible for the strategic results of the NPD process. This includes process throughput, quality of output, and participation within the organization. (See Section 3 of The PDMA ToolBook for 4 tools that process owners might find useful, and see Chapter 5 of The PDMA HandBook.)

流程擁有者:對新產品開發流程的戰略性結果負責的執行經理。其工作包括流程生產能力、輸出質量和組織內的參與度。

Product: Term used to describe all goods, services, and knowledge sold. Products are bundles of attributes (features, functions, benefits, and uses) and can be either tangible, as in the case of physical goods, or intangible, as in the case of those associated with service benefits, or can be a combination of the two.

產品:用以描述所有商品、服務和所售知識的術語。產品是一系列屬性(特徵、功能、優點和用處)的組合，它們可以是有形的、有物形態的;也可以是無形的和服務利益相結合的;也可以是兩者的結合。

Product and Process Performance Success: The extent to which a new product meets its technical performance and product development process performance criteria.

產品和流程績效成功:新產品滿足其技術績效指標和產品開發流程績效指標的程度。

Product Architecture: The way in which the functional elements are assigned to the physical chunks of a product and the way in which those physical chunks interact to perform the overall function of the product. (See Chapter 16 of The PDMA HandBook 1st Edition.)

產品架構:將功能要素分配到產品的物理模塊，這些物理模塊相互作用，發揮產品的所有功能。

Product backlog: A basis of agile product development. The requirements for a system, expressed as a prioritized list of product backlog items. These include both functional and non-functional customer requirements, as well as technical team-generated requirements

產品積壓：敏捷產品開發的基礎。 對系統的要求，表示為產品積壓項目的優先級列表。 這些包括功能和非功能客戶要求，以及技術團隊生成的要求

Product Definition: Defines the product, including the target market, product concept, benefits to be delivered, positioning

strategy, price point, and even product requirements and design specifications.

產品定義:對產品包括目標市場、產品概念、收益、市場定位戰略、市場價格、產品要求和設計規格的定義。

Product Development & Management Association (PDMA): A not-for- profit professional organization whose purpose is to seek out, develop, organize and disseminate leading edge information on the theory and practice of product development and product development processes. The PDMA uses local, national, and international meetings and conferences, educational workshops, a quarterly magazine (Visions), a bi-monthly scholarly journal (Journal of Product Innovation Management), research proposal and dissertation proposal competitions, The PDMA HandBook of New Product Development 1st and 2nd Editions, and The PDMA ToolBook 1 for New Product

Development to achieve its purposes. The association also manages the certification process for New Product Development Professionals. Web site: www.pdma.org.

產品開發與管理協會(PDMA):探求、發展、組織和傳播產品開發領域前沿理論與實踐知識的非盈利性專業組織。在實現其目標的過程中，PD MA 召開地方性、國家級和國際性會議，建立教育體系，創辦季刊雜誌(《展望》)和雙月刊學術期刊(《產品創新管理》)，審查提議和論文， 完成《PDMA 新產品開發手冊》(第一版)和《新產品開發工具書》(第一版)。PDMA 還從事新產品開發專業人士的認證工作。網址:www.pdma.org.

Product Development: The overall process of strategy, organization, concept generation, product and marketing plan creation and evaluation, and commercialization of a new product. (See Chapters 19

– 22 of The PDMA HandBook 1st Edition.)

產品開發:新產品的戰略、組織、概念產生、產品計劃及市場計劃的制定和評估以及商業化的整個流程。

Product Development Process: A disciplined and defined set of tasks, steps, and phases that describe the normal means by which a company repetitively converts embryonic ideas into salable products or services. (See Chapters 4 and 5 of The PDMA HandBook 2nd Edition.)

產品開發流程:一整套明確的任務、步驟和階段，表明了公司不斷將初始概念轉化成可銷售產品或者服務的正式途徑。(參見 PDMA 手冊第 6 章和第 7 章)

Product development Team: That group of persons who participate in the product development project. Frequently each team member represents a function, department, or specialty. Together they represent the full set of capabilities needed to complete the project. (See Chapter 9 in The PDMA HandBook 2nd Edition and Chapter 6 in The PDMA ToolBook 1.)

產品開發團隊:由多人組成的跨職能團隊，負責策劃和執行新產品開發項目。

Product Discontinuation: A product or service that is withdrawn or removed from the market because it no longer provides an economic, strategic, or competitive advantage in the firm’s portfolio of offerings. (See Chapter 28 of The PDMA HandBook 1st Edition.)

產品廢止:一種產品或服務從市場上撤回或退出，因為它在公司產品中不再具有經濟、戰略或競爭性優勢。(參見 PDMA 手冊第一版的第 28 章)

Product Failure: A product development project that does not meet the objective of its charter or marketplace.

產品失敗:一個產品開發項目沒有滿足公司和市場目標。

Product Family: The set of products that have been derived from a common product platform. Members of a product family normally have many common parts and assemblies.

產品系列:一個公共產品平臺衍生出的一系列產品。產品系列一般都有很多共同部分和組件。

Product Innovation Charter (PIC): A critical strategic document, the Product Innovation Charter (PIC) is the heart of any organized effort to commercialize a new product. It contains the reasons the project has been started, the goals, objectives, guidelines, and boundaries of the project. It is the 「who, what, where, when, and why」 of the product development project. In the Discovery phase, the charter may contain assumptions about market preferences, customer needs, and sales and profit potential. As the project enters the Development phase, these assumptions are challenged through prototype development and in-market testing. While business needs and market conditions can and will change as the project progresses, one must resist the strong tendency for projects to wander off as the development work takes place. The PIC must be constantly referenced during the Development phase to make sure it is still valid, that the project is still within the defined arena, and that the opportunity envisioned in the Discovery phase still exists.

產品創新章程(PIC):指導新產品開發工作的職能部門或者項目團隊的策略綜 述。PIC 詳述了項目運行的領域、目標和通常採用的方法。它適用於 單個項目或者項目的整個規劃。參見文檔最後的備註裡修改和擴充的定義。

Product Life Cycle / 產品生命周期

Product Life Cycle: The four stages that a new product is thought to go through from birth to death: introduction, growth, maturity, and decline. Controversy surrounds whether products go through this cycle in any predictable way.

產品生命周期:新產品從出現到消失有四個階段:引入期、成長期、成熟期和衰退期。但存在的爭議是這個循環的方式是否可預測。

Product Life-Cycle Management: Changing the features and benefits of the product, elements of the marketing mix, and manufacturing operations over time to maximize the profits obtainable from the product over its lifecycle. (See Chapter 33 of The PDMA HandBook 2nd Edition).

產品生命周期管理:隨著時間推移改變產品特性和功能、市場混合要素和製造過程，以在產品生命周期中獲取利潤最大化。(參見 PDMA 手冊第二 版的第 33 章)

Product Management: Ensuring over time that a product or service profitably meets the needs of customers by continually monitoring and modifying the elements of the marketing mix, including: the product and its features, the communications strategy, distribution channels and price.

產品管理:通過不斷監控和檢測混合市場的基本要素(其中包括產品及自身特徵、溝通戰略、銷售渠道和價格)，隨時確保產品或者服務能充分滿足客戶需求。