紅樓夢人物關係清晰圖賈寶玉（87版紅樓夢再聚首）

2023-04-13 11:43:48

近日，87版《紅樓夢》劇組再聚首，舉辦了一場音樂會。「寶哥哥」歐陽奮強、「鳳姐」鄧婕、「秦可卿」張蕾、元迎探惜「四春」等悉數登場。

「寶釵」張莉早就買好了機票，卻因病無法赴約。環顧四周，缺了「林妹妹」陳曉旭的身影。

在音樂會上，眾人原聲重現黛玉進賈府片段。為林妹妹配音的張海玲一張口，便恍如隔世。

「寶哥哥」那句「今日只做遠別重逢，亦未不可」，讓人瞬間淚目。

30年前，一場華麗的紅樓綺夢飄然而至，登上熒幕，走進千家萬戶，成了人們心中不可磨滅的經典。

87版《紅樓夢》耗時3年，前後投資680萬，走遍全國10省41個地區219個景點，從選角、造型服飾到配樂、文化考證，都達到了超高水準。

1983年，劇組成立時才3個人，導演王扶林歷經一年時間，在全國範圍內徵集演員153名。

王扶林導演

王扶林導演說：

我選的時候就告訴這些副導演們，要看重的是她們表演的潛力而不是她們現在的經驗。或者她是戲曲演員，她身上有戲曲的程式化的東西，這些我都不怕。但是你要有一個演員的潛質，我才能對你進行培訓啊。
導演說戲
有些演員不懂《紅樓夢》，藝術修養也不夠。於是劇組在北京圓明園舉辦了兩期培訓班，研究原著、分析角色、學習琴棋書畫。
王扶林導演說：
你沒讀過《紅樓夢》，我就現在給你讀，你讀不懂也沒關係，我也很多地方不懂。我讓專家輔導你。當然你也別想著哪個頂尖你演哪個。你要演一個你合適的。我在旁邊幫你看。你認為你行你就演給我看。
學習古琴
為了拍好這部劇，央視專門邀請國寶級紅學大師組成專家委員會，對劇本進行研究討論。
服裝設計師史延芹為整部戲設計了2700套服裝，既適合熒幕展示，又充滿生活氣息，還符合人物身份和氣質。
史延芹說：「做服裝設計，不懂歷史不行。」
化妝師楊樹雲也是敦煌文化專家，為了給人物設計出最恰當的妝容，他做了大量考證。
比如王熙鳳「一雙丹鳳三角眼，兩彎柳葉吊梢眉」，這丹鳳眼和吊梢眉怎麼畫呢？他忽然想到，沈從文跟他說過一幅畫：《雍正十二妃》裡面的第七妃，「此人很像王熙鳳，你看她的眉毛上挑，面相精明厲害。」
經過反覆琢磨，終於有了後來鳳姐的經典妝容。
作曲王立平耗時4年半「傾其所有」完成87版《紅樓夢》13首配曲及所有背景音樂，成就了這部無法超越的經典。
王立平在長春一次聯歡會上發現了長春一汽廠裡擔任化驗員的陳力，力薦她成為主唱，這才有了後來動人心魄的《葬花吟》和《枉凝眉》。
陳力和王立平
30年過去了，這些演員也老了，有人走了，但是經典不會隨時間褪色，只會在每個人的記憶深處熠熠生輝。
《紅樓夢》打動我們的，除了故事內外的悲歡離合，還有那一首首經典的詩詞曲賦，總能勾起無數紅樓夢中人的回憶和感動。
今天整理了《紅樓夢》中的部分詩詞，與大家共享。英文譯本分別參考了楊憲益、戴乃迭夫婦的版本和英國漢學家大衛·霍克斯（David Hawkes）的版本。
【紅樓夢引子】
Prologue to The Dream of Red Mansions
楊憲益戴乃迭譯
開闢鴻蒙，誰為情種？
都只為風月情濃。
At the dawn of creation
Who sowed the seeds of love?
From the strong passion of breeze and moonlight they came.
趁著這奈何天、傷懷日、寂寥時，試遣愚衷。
因此上演出這懷金悼玉的《紅樓夢》。
So in this world of sweet longing
On a day of distress, in an hour of loneliness,
Fain would I impart my senseless grief
By singing this Dream of Red Mansions
To mourn the Gold and the Jade.
【枉凝眉】
Vain Longing
楊憲益戴乃迭譯
一個是閬苑仙葩，一個是美玉無暇。
One is an immortal flower of fairyland,
The other fair flawless jade,
若說沒奇緣，今生偏又遇著他；
And were it not predestined
Why should they meet again in this existence?
若說有奇緣，如何心事終虛化？
Yet, if predestined,
Why does their love come to nothing?
一個枉自嗟呀，一個空勞牽掛。
One sighs to no purpose,
The other yearns in vain;
一個是水中月，一個是鏡中花。
One is the moon reflected in the water,
The other but a flower in the mirror.
想眼中能有多少淚珠兒，
How many tears can well from her eyes?
怎經得秋流到冬盡，春流到夏！
Can they flow on from autumn till winter,
From spring till summer?
【作者題絕】
霍克斯譯
滿紙荒唐言，一把辛酸淚！
Pages full of idle words
Penned with hot and bitter tears:
都雲作者痴，誰解其中味？
All men call the author fool;
None his secret message hears.
【太虛幻境楹聯】
Illusory Land of Great Void
楊憲益戴乃迭譯
假作真時真亦假，無為有處有還無。
When false is taken for true, true becomes false;
If non-being turns into being, being becomes non-being.
【葬花吟】
楊憲益戴乃迭譯
花謝花飛飛滿天，紅消香斷有誰憐？
As blossoms fade and fly across the sky,
Who pities the faded red, the scent that has been?
遊絲軟系飄春榭，落絮輕沾撲繡簾。
Softly the gossamer floats over spring pavilions,
Gently the willow fluff wafts to the embroidered screen.
閨中女兒惜春暮，愁緒滿懷無釋處，
A girl in her chamber mourns the passing of spring,
No relief from anxiety her poor heart knows;
手把花鋤出繡閨，忍踏落花來復去。
Hoe in hand she steps through her portal,
Loath to tread on the blossom as she comes and goes.
柳絲榆莢自芳菲，不管桃飄與李飛。
Willows and elms, fresh and verdant,
Care not if peach and plum blossom drift away;
桃李明年能再發，明年閨中知有誰？
Next year the peach and plum will bloom again,
But her chamber may stand empty on that day.
三月香巢已壘成，梁間燕子太無情。
By the third month the scented nests are built,
But the swallows on the beam are heartless all;
明年花發雖可啄，卻不道人去梁空巢也傾！
Next year, though once again you may peck the buds,
From the beam of an empty room your nest will fall.
一年三百六十日，風刀霜劍嚴相逼。
Each year for three hundred and sixty days
The cutting wind and biting frost contend.
明媚鮮妍能幾時，一朝飄泊難尋覓。
How long can beauty flower fresh and fair?
In a single day wind can whirl it to its end.
花開易見落難尋，階前悶殺葬花人。
Fallen, the brightest blooms are hard to find;
With aching heart their grave-digger comes now.
獨倚花鋤淚暗灑，灑上空枝見血痕。
Alone, her hoe in hand, her secret tears
Falling like drops of blood on each bare bough.
杜鵑無語正黃昏，荷鋤歸去掩重門。
Dusk falls and the cuckoo is silent;
Her hoe brought back, the lodge is locked and still;
青燈照壁人初睡，冷雨敲窗被未溫。
A green lamp lights the wall as steep enfolds her,
Cold rain pelts the casement and her quilt is chill.
怪奴底事倍傷神，半為憐春半惱春：
What causes my two-fold anguish?
Love for spring and resentment of spring;
憐春忽至惱忽去，至又無言去不聞。
For suddenly it comes and suddenly goes,
Its arrival unheralded, noiseless its departing.
昨宵庭外悲歌發，知是花魂與鳥魂？
Last night from the courtyard floated a sad song –
Was it the soul of blossom, the soul of birds?
花魂鳥魂總難留，鳥自無言花自羞。
Hard to detain, the soul of blossom or birds,
For blossoms have no assurance, birds no words.
願奴脅下生雙翼，隨花飛到天盡頭。
I long to take wing and fly
With the flowers to earth's uttermost bound;
天盡頭，何處有香丘？
And yet at earth's uttermost bound
Where can a fragrant burial mound be found?
未若錦囊收豔骨，一抔淨土掩風流。
Better shroud the fair petals in silk
With clean earth for their outer attire;
質本潔來還潔去，強於汙淖陷渠溝。
For pure you came and pure shall go,
Not sinking into some foul ditch or mire.
爾今死去儂收葬，未卜儂身何日喪？
Now you are dead I come to bury you;
None has divined the day when I shall die;
儂今葬花人笑痴，他年葬儂知是誰？
Men laugh at my folly in burying fallen flowers,
But who will bury me when dead I lie?
試看春殘花漸落，便是紅顏老死時。
See, when spring draws to a close and flowers fall,
This is the season when beauty must ebb and fade;
一朝春盡紅顏老，花落人亡兩不知。
The day that spring takes wing and beauty fades
Who will care for the fallen blossom or dead maid?
【黛玉容貌】
霍克斯譯
兩彎似蹙非蹙籠煙眉，
一雙似喜非喜含情目。
Her mist-wreathed brows at first seemed to frown, yet were not frowning;
Her passionate eyes at first seemed to smile, yet were not merry.
態生兩靨之愁，嬌襲一身之病。
Habit had given a melancholy cast to her tender face;
Nature had bestowed a sickly constitution on her delicate frame.
淚光點點，嬌喘微微。
Often the eyes swam with glistening tears;
Often the breath came in gentle gasps.
閒靜時如姣花照水，
行動處似弱柳扶風。
In stillness she made one think of a graceful flower reflected in the water;
In motion she called to mind tender willow shoots caressed by the wind.
心較比幹多一竅，
病如西子勝三分。
She had more chambers in her heart than the martyred Bi Gan;
And suffered a tithe more pain in it than the beautiful Xi Shi.
【寶黛初見】
楊憲益戴乃迭譯
黛玉一見，便吃一大驚，心下想道：「好生奇怪！倒像在那裡見過的一般，何等眼熟到如此！」
His appearance took Daiyu by surprise. 「How very strange!」 she thought. 「It’s as if I』d seen him somewhere before. He looks so familiar.」
寶玉看罷，因笑道：「這個妹妹我曾見過的。」
「I』ve met this cousin before,」 he declared at the end of his scrutiny.
賈母笑道：「可又是胡說！你又何曾見過她？」
「You’re talking nonsense again,」 said his grandmother, laughing.「How could you possibly have met her?」
寶玉笑道：「雖然未曾見過她，然我看著面善，心裡就算是舊相識，今日只作遠別重逢，未為不可。」
「Well, even if I haven’t, her face looks familiar. I feel we’re old friends meeting again after a long separation.」
【王熙鳳容貌】
霍克斯譯
一雙丹鳳三角眼，兩彎柳葉吊梢眉；
Eyes like a painted phoenix,
eyebrows like willow-leaves,
身量苗條，體格風騷；
a slender form,
seductive grace;
粉面含春威不露，丹唇未啟笑先聞。
the ever-smiling summer face
of hidden thunders showed no trace;
the ever-bubbling laughter started
almost before the lips were parted.
【聰明累】
Caught By Her Own Cunning
霍克斯譯
機關算盡太聰明，反算了卿卿性命。
Too shrewd by half, with such finesse you wrought
That your own life in your own toils was caught;
生前心已碎，死後性空靈。
But long before you died your heart was slain,
And when you died your spirit walked in vain.
家富人寧，終有個家亡人散各奔騰。
Fall'n the great house once so secure in wealth,
Each scattered member shifting for himself;
枉費了，意懸懸半世心；
好一似，蕩悠悠三更夢。
And half a life-time’s anxious schemes
Proved no more than the stuff of dreams.
忽喇喇似大廈傾，昏慘慘似燈將盡。
Like a great building’s tottering crash,
Like flickering lampwick burned to ash,
呀！一場歡喜忽悲辛。
嘆人世，終難定。
Your scene of happiness concludes in grief:
For worldly bliss is always insecure and brief.
【晴雯】
霍克斯譯
霽月難逢，彩雲易散。
Seldom the moon shines in a cloudless sky,
And days of brightness all too soon pass by.
心比天高，身為下賤。
A noble and aspiring mind
In a base-born frame confined.
【好了歌】
All Good Things Must End
楊憲益戴乃迭譯
世人都曉神仙好，惟有功名忘不了。
All men long to be immortals
Yet to riches and rank each aspires;
古今將相在何方，荒冢一堆草沒了。
The great ones of old, where are they now?
Their graves are a mass of briars.
世人都曉神仙好，只有金銀忘不了。
All men long to be immortals,
Yet silver and gold they prize
終朝只恨聚無多，及到多時眼閉了。
And grub for money all their lives
Till death seals up their eyes.
世人都曉神仙好，只有嬌妻忘不了。
All men long to be immortals
Yet dote on the wives they』ve wed,
君生日日說恩情，君死又隨人去了。
Who swear to love their husband evermore
But remarry as soon as he’s dead.
世人都曉神仙好，只有兒孫忘不了。
All men long to be immortals
Yet with getting sons won’t have done.
痴心父母古來多，孝順兒孫誰見了。
Although fond parents are legion,
Who ever saw a really filial son?
【終身誤】
A Life Misspent
楊憲益戴乃迭譯
都道是金玉良姻，俺只念木石前盟。
Well-matched, all say, the gold and the jade;
I alone recall the pledge between plant and stone.
空對著，山中高士晶瑩雪；
終不忘，世外仙姝寂寞林。
Vainly facing the hermit in sparkling snow-clad hills
I forget not the fairy in lone woods beyond the world.
嘆人間，美中不足今方信。
縱然是齊眉舉案，到底意難平。
I sigh, learning that no man’s happiness is complete:
Even a pair thought well-matched
May find disappointment.
【護官符】
楊憲益戴乃迭譯
賈不假，白玉為堂金作馬。
The Jinling Jias,
If truth be told,
Have halls of jade,
Stables of gold.
阿房宮，三百裡，住不下金陵一個史。
Vast O Pang Palace,
Fit for a king,
Isn’t fine enough
For the Shis of Jinling.
東海缺少白玉床，龍王來請金陵王。
If the Dragon King wants
A white jade bed,
He applies to the Wangs
Of Jinling, it’s said.
豐年好大雪，珍珠如土金如鐵。
The Xues in their affluence
Are so rich and grand,
Gold is like iron to them
And pearls like sand.
【紅豆詞】
楊憲益戴乃迭譯
滴不盡相思血淚拋紅豆，
開不完春柳春花滿畫樓，
Like drops of blood fall endless tears of longing,
By painted pavilion grow willows and flowers untold;
睡不穩紗窗風雨黃昏後，
忘不了新愁與舊愁，
Sleepless at night when wind and rain lash gauze windows,
She cannot forget her sorrows new and old;
咽不下玉粒金蓴噎滿喉，
照不見菱花鏡裡形容瘦。
Choking on rice like jade and wine like gold,
She turns from her wan reflection in the glass;
展不開的眉頭，捱不明的更漏。
Nothing can smooth away her frown,
It seems that the long night will never pass;
呀！恰便似遮不住的青山隱隱，
流不斷的綠水悠悠。
Like the shadow of peaks, her grief is never gone;
Like the green stream it flows for ever on.
【黛玉湘雲聯詩】
楊憲益戴乃迭譯
寒塘渡鶴影，冷月葬花魂。
A stork’s shadow flit across the chilly pool
The poet’s spirit is buried in cold moonlight.
【飛鳥各投林】
The Birds Into The Wood Have Flown
霍克斯譯
為官的，家業凋零；
富貴的，金銀散盡；
The office jack’s career is blighted,
The rich man’s fortune now all vanished,
有恩的，死裡逃生；
無情的，分明報應；
The kind with life have been requited,
The cruel exemplarily punished;
欠命的，命已還；
欠淚的，淚已盡。
The one who owed a life is dead,
The tears one owed have all been shed.
冤冤相報實非輕，分離聚合皆前定。
Wrongs suffered have the wrongs done expiated;
The couplings and the sunderings were fated.
欲知命短問前生，老來富貴也真僥倖。
Untimely death sin in some past life shows,
But only luck a blest old age bestows.
看破的，遁入空門；
痴迷的，枉送了性命。
The disillusioned to their convents fly,
The still deluded miserably die.
好一似食盡鳥投林，落了片白茫茫大地真乾淨！
Like birds who, having fed, to the woods repair,
They leave the landscape desolate and bare.
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